{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T14:03:21Z","timestamp":1760709801882,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004406","name":"Transilvania University of Brasov","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Reward of research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Reward of research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study was performed at Brasov County Hospital, in the Internal Medicine, Diabetes, Gastroenterology and Cardiology Wards with the collaboration of Transylvania University of Brasov, as a study approved by the Ethical Board of the university. The study aimed at assessing the connection between the anthropometric parameters of abdominal adiposity (measured by means of an original experiment designed to determine the curvature of the thoracic-abdominal adiposity for the patients and processed by help of a mathematical model based upon Bezier curves geometry) and the fat load of the liver (assessed by ultrasound by measuring the diameters of both hepatic lobes) for the patients diagnosed with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The existence of ten types of thoracic-abdominal curves profiles were statistically analyzed in order to evaluate in a simple manner the liver size in NAFLD. The method of diagnosis is based on an easily reproduced experiment, it is original, innovative, non-invasive, and cost-effective. Can be implemented anywhere in the world, there is no need for investment, only for determining the profile of the belly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T03:22:31Z","timestamp":1547090551000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Non-Invasive Assessment Method Using Thoracic-Abdominal Profile Image Acquisition and Mathematical Modeling with Bezier Curves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Monica Ana Paraschiva","family":"Purcaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8748-5332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Repanovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Product Design, Mechatronics and Environment, Faculty of Product Design and Environment, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiberiu","family":"Nedeloiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialization, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.153812","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Noninvasive methods of diagnosing hepatic steatosis","volume":"21","author":"AlShaalan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.205088","article-title":"Disease progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective study with paired liver biopsies at 3 years","volume":"59","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"425","article-title":"Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for evaluation of chronic hepatitis and fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Saleh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karlas, T., Petroff, D., Garnov, N., B\u00f6hm, S., Tenckhoff, H., Wittekind, C., Wiese, M., Schiefke, I., Linder, N., Schaudinn, A., and Busse, H. (2014). Non-Invasive Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with NAFLD Using Controlled Attenuation Parameter and 1H-MR Spectroscopy. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091987"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2009.00402.x","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Quantitative assessment of liver fat content by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"10","author":"Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02781.x","article-title":"Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP): A noninvasive method for the detection of hepatic steatosis based on transient elastography","volume":"32","author":"Myers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/796313","article-title":"The utility of Xenon-133 liver scan in the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Ghali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6821","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i22.6821","article-title":"Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Khov","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.09.001","article-title":"Validity of real time ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis: A prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Dasarathy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"357","article-title":"Identification of obesityWaistlines or weight? Nutrition, Exercise, and Obesity Research Group","volume":"41","author":"Logue","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2019, August 24). The Royal Colleges of Physicians, Psychiatrists and General Practitioners. Available online: https:\/\/www.rcplondon.ac.uk\/publications\/alcohol-and-heart-perspective-0."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-12932","article-title":"Animal models of steatosis","volume":"21","author":"Koteish","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.011","article-title":"Predictors for incidence and remission of NAFLD in the general population during a seven-year prospective follow-up","volume":"56","author":"Lotan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300604","article-title":"Independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"30","author":"Angulo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2004.07.001","article-title":"Effect of body mass index on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients undergoing minimally invasive bariatric surgery","volume":"8","author":"Frantzides","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.19.2169","article-title":"Metabolic significance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese, nondiabetic adults","volume":"164","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2010.07.004","article-title":"Design of a B\u00e9zier-profile horn for high displacement amplification","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, J.E., Dyer, A.G., Greentree, A.D., Spring, G., and Wilksch, P.A. (2013). Linearisation of RGB Camera Responses for Quantitative Image Analysis of Two Techniques. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079534"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2012.125","article-title":"Curvature Analysis of Cardiac Excitation Wavefronts","volume":"10","author":"Murthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Rogers, D.F., and Adams, J.A. (1990). Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics, McGRAW-Hill. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Stupariu, M.S. (2013). Geometrie Computa\u0163ional\u0103, Note De Curs, University of Bucharest."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mullineux, G. (1986). CAD: Computational Concepts and Methods, MacMillan Publishing Company.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-7694-1"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.21465","article-title":"Deffuant model with general opinion distributions: First impression and critical confidence bound","volume":"19","author":"Shang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2018, November 29). Available online: https:\/\/intranet.unitbv.ro\/Portals\/0\/etica%20si%20integritate%20academica_2018.pdf?ver=2018-11-29-090226-940."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Douglas, C.W. (1990). Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. (Chapter 94 Evaluation of the Size, Shape, and Consistency of the Liver), Butterworths. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Radmard, A.R., Abrishami, A., Gerami Seresht, M., Yoonessi, A., Dadgostar, M., Hashemi Taheri, A., Poustchi, H., Merat, S., and Malekzadeh, R. (2018, November 29). Association between Abdominal Adiposity and Fatty Liver: A Non-Invasive Assessment in General Population by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Available online: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1594\/ecr2014\/C-1383."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.066","article-title":"Measures of obesity and cardiovascular risk among men and women","volume":"52","author":"Gelber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Rati (2018, November 29). Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/obesity\/WHO_report_waistcircumference_and_waisthip_ratio\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"WHO (2018, November 29). Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound. Available online: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/43881\/9789241547451_eng.pdf."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3444","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Two Electronic Health Record Prospective Studies","volume":"101","author":"Loomis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/1\/65\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:24:39Z","timestamp":1760185479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/1\/65"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm8010065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8010065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]}}}