{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:32:14Z","timestamp":1760239934765,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effectiveness of a lighted stylet during tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy. The study randomly assigned 284 patients undergoing general anesthesia to either the simple stylet (Group S) or lighted stylet (Group L) groups. In both groups, stylet-assisted intubation was performed with direct laryngoscopy. In group S, a simple stylet was used and removed when the tip of the endotracheal tube was thought to have passed the larynx. In Group L, a lighted stylet was used and removed after confirming transillumination of the suprasternal notch. The success rate at the first attempt, total intubation time, incidence of mucosal bleeding, and severity of postoperative sore throat were compared. Compared to a simple stylet, the lighted stylet significantly increased the success rate of tracheal intubation at the first attempt (128 (90%) vs. 140 (99%), p = 0.003, Groups S and L, respectively). The incidence of mucosal bleeding was significantly higher in Group S (35 (25%) vs. 19 (13%), p = 0.011, Groups S and L, respectively). The total intubation time and degree of postoperative sore throat were not significantly different between the two groups. A lighted stylet increased the success rate of tracheal intubation during stylet-assisted tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T11:30:00Z","timestamp":1548415800000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Simple Stylet versus Lighted Stylet for Intubating the Trachea with a Direct Laryngoscope: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Seongjoo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeongpyo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-3010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.05.035","article-title":"The complexities of tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy and alternative intubation devices","volume":"57","author":"Levitan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1957.tb03617.x","article-title":"Illuminated introducer for endotracheal tubes","volume":"12","author":"Macintosh","year":"1957","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001204000432","article-title":"Optimal bent length of lightwand for intubation in adults: A randomized, prospective, comparative study","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08932.x","article-title":"Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics","volume":"39","author":"Cormack","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32832d328d","article-title":"Management of the predicted difficult airway: A comparison of conventional blade laryngoscopy with video-assisted blade laryngoscopy and the GlideScope","volume":"27","author":"Serocki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.5.900","article-title":"Use of a lighted stylet to confirm correct endotracheal tube placement","volume":"92","author":"Stewart","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep367","article-title":"Awake light-aided blind nasal intubation: Prototype device","volume":"104","author":"Nofal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199704000-00041","article-title":"Use of the lighted stylet to aid direct laryngoscopy","volume":"86","author":"Biehl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C.-N., Ma, W.-H., Wei, J.-Q., Wei, H.-F., Cen, Q.-Y., Cai, Q.-X., and Cao, Y. (2015). Laryngoscope and a new tracheal tube assist lightwand intubation in difficult airways due to unstable cervical spine. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120231"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03017937","article-title":"Efficacy of a combined technique using the Trachlight\u2122 together with direct laryngoscopy under simulated difficult airway conditions in 350 anesthetized patients","volume":"49","author":"Benumof","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.04.012","article-title":"Tracheal rupture complicating emergent endotracheal intubation","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200208000-00033","article-title":"The construction of learning curves for basic skills in anesthetic procedures: An application for the cumulative sum method","volume":"95","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200110000-00009","article-title":"Randomized study comparing the \u201csniffing position\u201d with simple head extension for laryngoscopic view in elective surgery patients","volume":"95","author":"Adnet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05323.x","article-title":"The use of the BERCI DCI\u00ae Video Laryngoscope for teaching novices direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation","volume":"63","author":"Low","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.03.031","article-title":"A comparison of the C-MAC video laryngoscope to the Macintosh direct laryngoscope for intubation in the emergency department","volume":"60","author":"Sakles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R103","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11384","article-title":"Endotracheal intubation using the C-MAC\u00ae video laryngoscope or the Macintosh laryngoscope: A prospective, comparative study in the ICU","volume":"16","author":"Noppens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199509000-00009","article-title":"Clinical trial of a new lightwand device (Trachlight) to intubate the trachea","volume":"83","author":"Hung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2005.02.004","article-title":"Esophageal intubation with indirect clinical tests during emergency tracheal intubation: A report on patient morbidity","volume":"17","author":"Mort","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200305000-00005","article-title":"Laryngeal morbidity and quality of tracheal intubation: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Mencke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/2\/140\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:28:40Z","timestamp":1760185720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/2\/140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm8020140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8020140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]}}}