{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T02:55:04Z","timestamp":1770778504014,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]],"date-time":"2019-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04-2017-0280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04-2017-0280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parathyroid adenoma is the main cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, which is characterized by enlarged parathyroid glands and excessive parathyroid hormone secretion. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis, comparing parathyroid adenomas with normal parathyroid gland tissue. RNA extracted from ten parathyroid adenoma and five normal parathyroid samples was sequenced, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using strict cut-off criteria. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DEGs as the input, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes\/Proteins (STRING) and visualized in Cytoscape. Among DEGs identified in parathyroid adenomas (n = 247; 45 up-regulated, 202 down-regulated), the top five GO terms for up-regulated genes were nucleoplasm, nucleus, transcription DNA-template, regulation of mRNA processing, and nucleic acid binding, while those for down-regulated genes were extracellular exosome, membrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane, ER, and melanosome. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of five pathways: protein processing in ER, protein export, RNA transport, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, and pyrimidine metabolism. Further, PPI network analysis identified a densely connected sub-module, comprising eight hub molecules: SPCS2, RPL23, RPL26, RPN1, SEC11C, SEC11A, RPS25, and SEC61G. These findings may be helpful in further analysis of the mechanisms underlying parathyroid adenoma development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T05:45:36Z","timestamp":1551678336000},"page":"297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparative Gene Expression Profiles in Parathyroid Adenoma and Normal Parathyroid Tissue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-3433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0960-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heejoon","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 04310, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwangsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heonyi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 04310, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9722-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongmin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2354-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital &amp; College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9561-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1106636","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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