{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:08:21Z","timestamp":1783523301290,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["MOST 104-2314-B-182 -004 and 105-2314-B-182 -010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 104-2314-B-182 -004 and 105-2314-B-182 -010"]}]},{"name":"Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CMRPG2C0421 and CMRPG2C0422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG2C0421 and CMRPG2C0422"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This matched-control cohort study explored the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on left ventricle (LV) dimensions and survival in heart failure (HF) patients between 2009 and 2016. HF patients who underwent the multidisciplinary disease management program (MDP) were enrolled. Non-exercising participants, aged (mean (95% confidence interval)) 62.8 (60.1\u201365.5) years, were categorized as the MDP group (n = 101). Participants aged 61.5 (58.7\u201364.2) years who had completed 36 sessions of HIIT were treated as the HIIT group (n = 101). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and LV geometry were assessed during the 8-year follow-up period. The 5-year all-cause mortality risk factors and overall survival rates were determined in the longitudinal observation. An increased VO2peak of 14\u201320% was observed in the HIIT group after exercise training. Each 1-mL\/kg\/min increase in VO2peak conferred a 58% improvement in 5-year mortality. Increased LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) was significantly (p = 0.0198) associated with increased mortality. The 8-month survival rate was significantly improved (p = 0.044) in HIIT participants compared to non-exercise participants. HF patients with VO2peak \u226514.0 mL\/kg\/min and LVESD &lt;44 mm had a significantly better 5-year survival rate (98.2%) than those (57.3%) with lower VO2peak and greater LVESD. Both HIIT-induced increased VO2peak and decreased LVESD are associated with improved survival in HF patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T06:56:52Z","timestamp":1553497012000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["High-Intensity Interval Training is Associated with Improved Long-Term Survival in Heart Failure Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chih-Chin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieh-Cheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"},{"name":"Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"},{"name":"Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Sheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Hung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Ching-Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1747-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chiau","family":"Shyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4670-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Jin","family":"Cherng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Shyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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