{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:22:36Z","timestamp":1778260956746,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be effective for enhancing cognitive functioning. In this review, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of rTMS on attention in psychiatric diseases. In particular, we searched PubMed and Embase to examine the effectiveness of rTMS administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on this specific cognitive domain. The search identified 24 articles, 21 of which met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, nine were conducted in patients with depression, four in patients with schizophrenia, three in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), two in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, one each in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and in patients with alcohol or methamphetamine addiction. No evidence for cognitive adverse effects was found in all the included rTMS studies. Several studies showed a significant improvement of attentional function in patients with depression and schizophrenia. The beneficial effects on attention and other executive functions suggest that rTMS has the potential to target core features of ASD. rTMS may influence the attentional networks in alcohol-dependent and other addicted patients. We also reviewed and discussed the studies assessing the effects of rTMS on attention in the healthy population. This review suggests that prefrontal rTMS could exert procognitive effects on attention in patients with many psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T03:38:52Z","timestamp":1553830732000},"page":"416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over Prefrontal Cortex on Attention in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Larissa","family":"Hauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic medicine, Christian Doppler Medical Center, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Sellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Brigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, 39012 Merano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugen","family":"Trinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology, UMIT, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Sebastianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, 39049 Vipiteno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leopold","family":"Saltuari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, 6170 Zirl, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Versace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, 39049 Vipiteno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"H\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Akureyri, 6000 Akureyri, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, 39012 Merano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","article-title":"A feature-integration theory of attention","volume":"12","author":"Treisman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cogn. 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