{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:35:59Z","timestamp":1760240159925,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101-2314-B-038-044-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101-2314-B-038-044-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105-2314-B-038-055-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105-2314-B-038-055-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010613","name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105TMUH-SP-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105TMUH-SP-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endothelin (ET)-1 is involved in various fibrotic diseases. However, its implication in pleural fibrosis remains unknown. We aimed to study the profibrotic role of ET-1 in tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE). The pleural effusion ET-1 levels were measured among 68 patients including transudative pleural effusion (TPE, n = 12), parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE, n = 20), and TBPE (n = 36) groups. Pleural fibrosis, defined as radiological residual pleural thickening (RPT) and shadowing, was measured at 12-month follow-up. Additionally, the effect of ET-1 on mesothelial mesenchymal transition (MMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) producion in human pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) was assessed. Our findings revealed that effusion ET-1 levels were significantly higher in TBPE than in TPE and PPE, and were markedly higher in TBPE patients with RPT &gt;10 mm than those with RPT \u226410 mm. ET-1 levels correlated substantially with residual pleural shadowing and independently predicted RPT &gt;10 mm in TBPE. In PMCs, ET-1 time-dependently induced MMT with upregulation of \u03b1-smooth muscle actin and downregulation of E-cadherin, and stimulated ECM production; furthermore, ET receptor antagonists effectively abrogated these effects. In conclusion, ET-1 induces MMT and ECM synthesis in human PMCs and correlates with pleural fibrosis in TBPE. This study confers a novel insight into the pathogenesis and potential therapies for fibrotic pleural diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T03:38:52Z","timestamp":1553830732000},"page":"426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endothelin-1 Induces Mesothelial Mesenchymal Transition and Correlates with Pleural Fibrosis in Tuberculous Pleural Effusions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhung-Han","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie-Heng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Ying","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0656-976X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Li","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.05.002","article-title":"Endothelin\u2013biology and disease","volume":"22","author":"Khimji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1646","article-title":"Endothelin-1 in acute lung injury and the adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"148","author":"Langleben","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. 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