{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:09Z","timestamp":1787028669923,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Pathological gambling behaviors may coexist with cocaine use disorder (CUD), underlying common pathogenic mechanisms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise as a therapeutic intervention for CUD. In this case series, we evaluated the clinical effects of rTMS protocol stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the pattern of gambling and cocaine use. (2) Methods: Gambling severity, craving for cocaine, sleep, and other negative affect symptoms were recorded in seven patients with a diagnosis of gambling disorder (South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) &gt;5), in comorbidity with CUD, using the following scales: Gambling-Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS), Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Symptoms checklist-90 (SCL-90). The measures were assessed before the rTMS treatment and after 5, 30, and 60 days of treatment. Patterns of gambling and cocaine use were assessed by self-report and regular urine screens. (3) Results: Gambling severity at baseline ranged from mild to severe (mean \u00b1 Standard Error of the Mean (SEM), G-SAS score baseline: 24.42 \u00b1 2.79). G-SAS scores significantly improved after treatment (G-SAS score Day 60: 2.66 \u00b1 1.08). Compared to baseline, consistent improvements were significantly seen in craving for cocaine and in negative-affect symptoms. (4) Conclusions: The present findings provide unprecedent insights into the potential role of rTMS as a therapeutic intervention for reducing both gambling and cocaine use in patients with a dual diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8060768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T11:07:44Z","timestamp":1559214464000},"page":"768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical Improvements in Comorbid Gambling\/Cocaine Use Disorder (GD\/CUD) Patients Undergoing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6245-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cardullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Science and Brain Research, Novella Fronda Foundation, Piazza Castello, 35141 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Javier","family":"Gomez Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Science and Brain Research, Novella Fronda Foundation, Piazza Castello, 35141 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Science and Brain Research, Novella Fronda Foundation, Piazza Castello, 35141 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Terraneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Science and Brain Research, Novella Fronda Foundation, Piazza Castello, 35141 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Gallimberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Science and Brain Research, Novella Fronda Foundation, Piazza Castello, 35141 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Bonci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Science and Brain Research, Novella Fronda Foundation, Piazza Castello, 35141 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA"},{"name":"Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziella","family":"Madeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Science and Brain Research, Novella Fronda Foundation, Piazza Castello, 35141 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504","article-title":"Comorbidity of DSM-IV Pathological Gambling and Other Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"66","author":"Petry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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