{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:55:09Z","timestamp":1769576109752,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bispectral index is affected by various factors, such as noxious stimuli and other drugs, such as muscle relaxants. The burst suppression ratio from bispectral index monitoring is correlated with electroencephalographic burst suppression, which is associated with deep anesthesia, metabolic disorders, and brain injury. We assessed patients undergoing total intravenous anesthesia and examined the effects of remifentanil on the bispectral index, burst suppression ratio, and hemodynamic changes immediately after loss of consciousness with propofol. Seventy American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I and II Korean female patients scheduled for general anesthesia were administered propofol with an effect-site concentration of 5 \u03bcg\/mL, using a target-controlled infusion (TCI). After losing consciousness, patients received either saline or remifentanil at an effect-site concentration of 5 ng\/mL for 10 min. During this period, we recorded the bispectral index values, including burst suppression ratio, blood pressure, and heart rate. With remifentanil infusion, burst suppression ratios were lower (p &lt; 0.01) but bispectral values were not different. The burst suppression ratio was significantly different at 6, 7, 8, and 10 min after remifentanil infusion (p &lt; 0.05). In female patients with propofol-induced unconsciousness, remifentanil alleviated the burst suppression ratio without affecting the bispectral value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T11:05:32Z","timestamp":1565262332000},"page":"1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Remifentanil Alleviates Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression without Affecting Bispectral Index in Female Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dahye","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon 51394, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungwon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoonki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199704000-00014","article-title":"Bispectral analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol, midazolam, isoflurane, and alfentanil in healthy volunteers","volume":"86","author":"Glass","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200001000-00034","article-title":"The effect of remifentanil on the bispectral index change and hemodynamic responses after orotracheal intubation","volume":"90","author":"Guignard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth. 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