{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:29:48Z","timestamp":1790281788889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU\/EFPIA\/Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking PRECISESADS","award":["115565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115565"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysbiosis has been described in systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs), including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SjS), and primary anti-phosholipid syndrome (PAPS), however the biological implications of these associations are often elusive. Stool and plasma samples from 114 subjects, including in SLE (n = 27), SjS (n = 23), PAPs (n = 11) and undifferentiated connective tissue (UCTD, n = 26) patients, and geographically-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 27), were collected for microbiome (16s rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolome (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) analysis to identify shared characteristics across diseases. Out of 130 identified microbial genera, a subset of 29 bacteria was able to differentiate study groups (area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) = 0.730 \u00b1 0.025). A fair classification was obtained with a subset of 41 metabolic peaks out of 254 (AUROC = 0.748 \u00b1 0.021). In both models, HCs were well separated from SADs, while UCTD largely overlapped with the other diseases. In all of the SADs pro-tolerogenic bacteria were reduced, while pathobiont genera were increased. Metabolic alterations included two clusters comprised of: (a) members of the acylcarnitine family, positively correlating with a Prevotella-enriched cluster and negatively correlating with a butyrate-producing bacteria-enriched cluster; and (b) phospholipids, negatively correlating with butyrate-producing bacteria. These findings demonstrate a strong interaction between intestinal microbiota and metabolic function in patients with SADs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T04:38:23Z","timestamp":1566794303000},"page":"1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Identification of a Shared Microbiomic and Metabolomic Profile in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bellocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Montanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Vigone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Santaniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Quirantes-Pin\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Borr\u00e1s-Linares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological 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