{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:09:40Z","timestamp":1777619380768,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL079132, DK062652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL079132, DK062652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000901","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-2002-783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-2002-783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001364","name":"University of Florida Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NB732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NB732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We, and others, have previously achieved high and sustained levels of transgene expression from viral vectors, such as recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). However, regulatable transgene expression may be preferred in gene therapy for diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which the timing and dosing of the therapeutic gene product play critical roles. In the present study, we generated a positive feedback regulation system for human alpha 1 antitrypsin (hAAT) expression in the rAAV vector. We performed quantitative kinetics studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrating that this vector system can mediate high levels of inducible transgene expression. Transgene induction could be tailored to occur rapidly or gradually, depending on the dose of the inducing drug, doxycycline (Dox). Conversely, after withdrawal of Dox, the silencing of transgene expression occurred slowly over the course of several weeks. Importantly, rAAV delivery of inducible hAAT significantly prevented T1D development in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. These results indicate that this Dox-inducible vector system may facilitate the fine-tuning of transgene expression, particularly for hAAT treatment of human autoimmune diseases, including T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1566991398000},"page":"1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Regulated hAAT Expression from a Novel rAAV Vector and Its Application in the Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxia","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanqing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lonneke","family":"van der Meijden-Erkelens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Wasserfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sihong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2.267","article-title":"Autoimmune diabetes and the circle of tolerance","volume":"53","author":"Rossini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302015","article-title":"Gene and cell-based therapeutics for type I diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Bottino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.4.823","article-title":"Syngeneic transfer of autoimmune diabetes from diabetic NOD mice to healthy neonates. 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