{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:47:28Z","timestamp":1760240848523,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of craniofacial surgical intervention on the visual pathway\u2019s function by comparing pre- to post-operative patterned, visually-evoked potentials (pVEP). A retrospective review was conducted on craniosynostosis patients who had pre- and post-craniofacial surgery pVEP testing. The pVEP measured grade in terms of amplitude latency and morphology of the waveforms. The pre- and post-operative results were compared. The study identified 63 patients (mean age at preoperative pVEP of 16.9 months). Preoperatively, 33 patients (52.4%) had abnormal pVEP. Nine patients had evidence of intracranial hypertension, and of those, eight (88.9%) had abnormal pVEP. Within 6 months postoperatively, 24 of 33 patients (72.7%) with abnormal preoperative pVEP developed normal postoperative pVEP, while all 30 patients with normal preoperative VEP maintained their normal results postoperatively. Significant improvements in pVEP latency in patients with broad or delayed latency waveforms was evident for subjects with preoperative grades 2\u20134 (grade 2, p = 0.015; grade 3, p = 0.029; grade 4; p = 0.007), while significant postoperative increase in amplitude was significant for patients with abnormally low amplitude grade 3 and 5 waveforms (grade 3, p = 0.011; grade 5, p = 0.029). Serial pVEP testing represents a useful tool for the early detection of visual pathway dysfunction and follow up visual pathway function in craniosynostosis. Surgical intervention for craniosynostosis can result in the reversal of preoperative pVEP abnormalities seen in these patients, resulting in the normalization of the pVEP waveform, amplitude and latency, depending on the preoperative pVEP abnormality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:14:35Z","timestamp":1569582875000},"page":"1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Serial, Visually-Evoked Potentials for the Assessment of Visual Function in Patients with Craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9089-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa M.","family":"Haredy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery\u2014Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA"},{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department\u2014Cleft and Craniofacial Unit, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag 82511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3223-5202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alki","family":"Liasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Eye Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Eye Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Koesarie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Eye Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Losee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery\u2014Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse A.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery\u2014Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken K.","family":"Nischal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Eye Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Cohen, M.M., and MacLean, R.E. 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