{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:53:16Z","timestamp":1791895996522,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center","award":["2014\/15\/N\/NZ7\/02970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/N\/NZ7\/02970"]}]},{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College grant","award":["K\/ZDS\/006181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K\/ZDS\/006181"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We sought to investigate whether systematic balance training modulates brain area activity responsible for postural control and influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA protein expression. Seventy-four older adults were randomly divided into three groups (mean age 65.34 \u00b1 3.79 years, 30 females): Classic balance exercises (CBT), virtual reality balance exercises (VBT), and control (CON). Neuroimaging studies were performed at inclusion and after completion of the training or 12 weeks later (CON). Blood samples were obtained to measure BDNF expression. The study revealed significant interaction of sessions and groups: In the motor imagery (MI) condition for supplementary motor area (SMA) activity (Fat peak = 5.25, p &lt; 0.05); in the action observation (AO) condition for left and right supramarginal gyrus\/posterior insula (left: Fat peak = 6.48, p &lt; 0.05; right: Fat peak = 6.92, p &lt; 0.05); in the action observation together with motor imagery (AOMI) condition for the middle occipital gyrus (laterally)\/area V5 (left: Fat peak = 6.26, p &lt; 0.05; right: Fat peak = 8.37, p &lt; 0.05), and in the cerebellum\u2013inferior semilunar lobule\/tonsil (Fat peak = 5.47, p &lt; 0.05). After the training serum BDNF level has increased in CBT (p &lt; 0.001) and in CBT compared to CON (p &lt; 0.05). Systematic balance training may reverse the age-related cortical over-activations and appear to be a factor mediating neuroplasticity in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T11:17:25Z","timestamp":1573125445000},"page":"1910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Systematic Balance Exercises Influence Cortical Activation and Serum BDNF Levels in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6139-9447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Kubica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Szymura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3183-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Domagalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Imaging Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slawomir","family":"Golda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5390-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wiecek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Fafrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Marek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6142-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Pera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-503 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shumway-Cook, A., and Woollacott, M.H. (2001). Motor Control: Theory and Practical Applications, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005","article-title":"Motor control and aging: links to age-related brain structural, functional, and biochemical effects","volume":"34","author":"Seidler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1598178","article-title":"Age-Related Differences in Cortical and Subcortical Activities during Observation and Motor Imagery of Dynamic Postural Tasks: An fMRI Study","volume":"2018","author":"Mouthon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3300-07.2008","article-title":"Systems Neuroplasticity in the Aging Brain: Recruiting Additional Neural Resources for Successful Motor Performance in Elderly Persons","volume":"28","author":"Heuninckx","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11670","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2567-10.2010","article-title":"Dynamic Properties of Human Brain Structure: Learning-Related Changes in Cortical Areas and Associated Fiber Connections","volume":"30","author":"Taubert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.031","article-title":"Task-dependent changes of corticospinal excitability during observation and motor imagery of balance tasks","volume":"303","author":"Mouthon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00158","article-title":"Improved Volitional Recall of Motor-Imagery-Related Brain Activation Patterns Using Real-Time Functional MRI-Based Neurofeedback","volume":"12","author":"Bagarinao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-53","article-title":"Assessment of biofeedback rehabilitation in post-stroke patients combining fMRI and gait analysis: A case study","volume":"11","author":"Bertoldo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00010","article-title":"Balance Training Reduces Brain Activity during Motor Simulation of a Challenging Balance Task in Older Adults: An fMRI Study","volume":"12","author":"Ruffieux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00126","article-title":"Age-related decrease in motor cortical inhibition during standing under different sensory conditions","volume":"6","author":"Papegaaij","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.021","article-title":"Evidence for motor cortex dedifferentiation in older adults","volume":"33","author":"Bernard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00717.2004","article-title":"Distinguishable Brain Activation Networks for Short- and Long-Term Motor Skill Learning","volume":"94","author":"Matthews","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi089","article-title":"Motor control in basal ganglia circuits using fMRI and brain atlas approaches","volume":"16","author":"Bardinet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12952-017-0076-1","article-title":"Behavioral and neural adaptations in response to five weeks of balance training in older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Ruffieux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Negat. Results Biomed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096547","article-title":"Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Sherrington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.05.019","article-title":"Wii Fit Balance Board Playing Improves Balance and Gait in Parkinson Disease","volume":"5","author":"Mhatre","year":"2013","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4653635","article-title":"Efficacy of Wii-Fit on Static and Dynamic Balance in Community Dwelling Older Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial","volume":"2017","author":"Padala","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls222","article-title":"Efficacy of nintendo wii training on mechanical leg muscle function and postural balance in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-156","article-title":"Virtual reality using games for improving physical functioning in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Molina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2007.01665.x","article-title":"Cortical and spinal adaptations induced by balance training: Correlation between stance stability and corticospinal activation","volume":"189","author":"Taube","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modgep.2006.03.009","article-title":"BDNF and trkB mRNA expression in the hippocampus and temporal cortex during the human lifespan","volume":"6","author":"Webster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Expr. Patterns"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e331","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000331","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, epigenetics in stroke skeletal muscle, and exercise training","volume":"5","author":"Ryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01858.x","article-title":"Alterations in trkB mRNA in the human prefrontal cortex throughout the lifespan","volume":"15","author":"Romanczyk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1162-x","article-title":"Altered peripheral BDNF mRNA expression and BDNF protein concentrations in blood of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"121","author":"Taurines","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.12.014","article-title":"Impact of acute aerobic exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on visuospatial attention performance and serum BDNF levels","volume":"41","author":"Tsai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"533","article-title":"The effect of physical activity on the brain derived neurotrophic factor: from animal to human studies","volume":"61","author":"Zoladz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00741","article-title":"Acute effects of high intensity, resistance, or combined protocol on the increase of level of neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults: The BrainFit Study","volume":"9","author":"Quintero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.08.105","article-title":"Acute BDNF and cortisol response to low intensity exercise and following ramp incremental exercise to exhaustion in humans","volume":"1121","author":"Wahrmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"441","article-title":"Moderate-intensity interval training increases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and decreases inflammation in parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"65","author":"Zoladz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.06.003","article-title":"Physical exercise modulates peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly","volume":"56","author":"Coelho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x","article-title":"Performance-Oriented Assessment of Mobility Problems in Elderly Patients","volume":"34","author":"Tinetti","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01054-8","article-title":"Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited","volume":"37","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22431","article-title":"Measured maximal heart rates compared to commonly used age-based prediction equations in the heritage family study","volume":"25","author":"Sarzynski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0b013e31822938ac","article-title":"Evidence-Based Exercise Prescription for Balance and Falls Prevention","volume":"34","author":"Shubert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.09.022","article-title":"Brain activity during observation and motor imagery of different balance tasks: An fMRI study","volume":"64","author":"Taube","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.056","article-title":"AFNI: What a long strange trip it\u2019s been","volume":"62","author":"Cox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014","article-title":"AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages","volume":"29","author":"Cox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00073-C","article-title":"Mental imagery in the motor context","volume":"33","author":"Jeannerod","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.040","article-title":"The suppressive influence of SMA on M1 in motor imagery revealed by fMRI and dynamic causal modeling","volume":"40","author":"Kasess","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.06.006","article-title":"Influence of age and posture on spinal and corticospinal excitability","volume":"69","author":"Baudry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16344","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4159-11.2011","article-title":"Brain Activity during Ankle Proprioceptive Stimulation Predicts Balance Performance in Young and Older Adults","volume":"31","author":"Goble","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.022","article-title":"Aging of human supraspinal locomotor and postural control in fMRI","volume":"33","author":"Zwergal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00514","article-title":"Motor imagery during action observation: A brief review of evidence, theory and future research opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Eaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferraye, M.U., Deb\u00db, B., Heil, L., Carpenter, M., Bloem, B.R., and Toni, I. (2014). Using motor imagery to study the neural substrates of dynamic balance. PLoS One, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091183"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2005","article-title":"Dynamic Sensorimotor Interactions in Locomotion","volume":"86","author":"Rossignol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.06.065","article-title":"Exercise-induced neuroplasticity: Balance training increases cortical thickness in visual and vestibular cortical regions","volume":"179","author":"Rogge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2016.11.002","article-title":"Cortical activation during balancing on a balance board","volume":"51","author":"Herold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"53","article-title":"Functional clustering of the human inferior parietal lobule by whole-brain connectivity mapping of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj079","article-title":"Connection patterns distinguish 3 regions of human parietal cortex","volume":"16","author":"Rushworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.31522","article-title":"Mirror neuron system","volume":"49","author":"Rajmohan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.04.026","article-title":"Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adolescents with obesity: The hearty randomized controlled trial","volume":"191","author":"Goldfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0427","article-title":"Changes in exercise capacity and serum BDNF following long-term sprint interval training in well-trained cyclists","volume":"44","author":"Hebisz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.05.014","article-title":"Physical therapy intervention (PTI) increases plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in non-frail and pre-frail elderly women","volume":"54","author":"Coelho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.05.058","article-title":"Training augments resistance exercise induced elevation of circulating brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)","volume":"479","author":"Yarrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1461-3","article-title":"Strength training does not influence serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"110","author":"Goekint","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31815dd057","article-title":"BDNF, metabolic risk factors, and resistance training in middle-aged individuals","volume":"40","author":"Levinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1093322","article-title":"Effects of strength and endurance training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 in humans","volume":"41","author":"Schiffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802f04c7","article-title":"The effect of acute exercise on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive function","volume":"39","author":"Ferris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.048512","article-title":"Evidence for a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from the brain during exercise","volume":"94","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0350424","article-title":"Neurotrophins and their receptors: roles in plasticity, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection","volume":"35","author":"Hennigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9872","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.720029","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in megakaryocytes","volume":"291","author":"Colzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/11\/1910\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:32:41Z","timestamp":1760189561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/11\/1910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm8111910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8111910","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}}}