{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:27:27Z","timestamp":1791228447748,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathogenesis of an increasing number of chronic diseases is being attributed to effects of the immune system. However, its role in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa is seemingly under-appreciated. Yet, in examining the available research on the immune system and genetic studies in anorexia nervosa, one becomes increasingly suspicious of the immune system\u2019s potential role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, research is suggestive of increased levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor in anorexia nervosa; genetic studies further support a dysregulated immune system in this disorder. Potential contributors to this dysregulated immune system are discussed including increased oxidative stress, chronic physiological\/psychological stress, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment, all of which are present in anorexia nervosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1573212619000},"page":"1915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-3962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 777 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip S","family":"Mehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"President, Eating Recovery Center; Founder and Executive Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Glassman Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Suite 200, Denver, CO 80230, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.09.009","article-title":"Neuro-immune crosstalk in CNS diseases","volume":"158","author":"Kerschensteiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-015-1596-8","article-title":"Pervasive pleiotropy between psychiatric disorders and immune disorders revealed by integrative analysis of multiple GWAS","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. 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