{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:43:12Z","timestamp":1787319792030,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bronchiectasis exacerbations are often treated with prolonged antibiotic use, even though there is limited evidence for this approach. We therefore aimed to investigate the baseline clinical and microbiological findings associated with long courses of antibiotic treatment in exacerbated bronchiectasis patients. Methods: This was a bi-centric prospective observational study of bronchiectasis exacerbated adults. We compared groups receiving short (\u226414 days) and long (15\u201321 days) courses of antibiotic treatment. Results: We enrolled 191 patients (mean age 72 (63, 79) years; 108 (56.5%) females), of whom 132 (69%) and 59 (31%) received short and long courses of antibiotics, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression of the baseline variables showed that long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), moderate\u2013severe exacerbations, and microbiological isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were associated with long courses of antibiotic therapy. When we excluded patients with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (n = 49), in the model we found that an etiology of P. aeruginosa remained as factor associated with longer antibiotic treatment, with a moderate and a severe FACED score and the presence of arrhythmia as comorbidity at baseline. Conclusions: Decisions about the duration of antibiotic therapy should be guided by clinical and microbiological assessments of patients with infective exacerbations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1573636287000},"page":"1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical Factors Associated with a Shorter or Longer Course of Antibiotic Treatment in Patients with Exacerbations of Bronchiectasis: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2667-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Scioscia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Disease, Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanel","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Disease, Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6036-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Alcaraz-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Gabarr\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Oscanoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Disease, Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7528-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laia","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Menendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, La Fe Health Research Institute, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6300-9836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, La Fe Health Research Institute, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9939-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Foschino Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8643-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Disease, Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.008037","article-title":"Neutrophil apoptosis, proinflammatory mediators and cell counts in bronchiectasis","volume":"59","author":"Watt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13398","article-title":"Bronchiectasis: Treatment decisions for pulmonary exacerbations and their prevention","volume":"23","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1575OC","article-title":"The bronchiectasis severity index. 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