{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:52:52Z","timestamp":1790959972507,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal rhinosinusitis is a unique phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with unique clinical and histological characteristics. The role of bacterial microbiota in various phenotypes chronic rhinosinusitis is not thoroughly understood. Therefore, we conducted 16s rRNA amplification sequencing to determine differences in bacterial communities between phenotypes (fungal vs. non- fungal) and anatomical sites (middle meatus vs. nasopharynx). Endoscope-guided swabs were used to collect samples from the middle meatus and nasopharynx of seven consecutive patients with fungal and 18 consecutive patients with non-fungal rhinosinusitis. DNA was extracted and investigated through 16S rRNA amplification. Among samples from the middle meatus, Shannon diversity was significantly lower in those from the fungal rhinosinusitis group (p = 0.029). However, no significant differences in diversity were noted between nasopharynx samples (p = 0.85). Fungal rhinosinusitis samples exhibited a distinct distribution of taxon relative abundance, which involved not only the absence of rhinosinusitis-associated commensal Corynebacterium and Fusobacterium in the middle meatus but also a significant increase in Haemophilus prevalence and abundance. This is the first study to compare bacterial communities in fungal and non-fungal rhinosinusitis samples. Our findings demonstrated that bacterial community dysbiosis was more apparent in fungal rhinosinusitis samples and was limited to the middle meatus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1573728994000},"page":"1973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Microbiota Dysbiosis in Fungal Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yen-Ting","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6824-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao-Hung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Li","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsin-Chu City 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-An","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chou","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Han","family":"Hsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun-Fa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yih-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7011-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu-Hao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0540-2","article-title":"The Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: A review of current hypotheses","volume":"15","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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