{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:56:31Z","timestamp":1783468591109,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF8), also known as myostatin, is a member of the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 superfamily that inhibits skeletal muscle growth. We aimed to investigate the association between GDF8 and peak troponin I levels after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: All consecutive patients admitted from June 2016 to February 2018 for type 1 AMI in the Coronary Care Unit of University Hospital of Dijon Bourgogne (France) were included in our prospective study. Blood samples were harvested on admission, and serum levels of GDF8 were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Among the 296 patients with type 1 AMI, median age was 68 years and 27% were women. GDF8 levels (median (IQR) = 2375 ng\/L) were negatively correlated with age, sex and diabetes (p &lt; 0.001 for all). GDF8 levels were higher in patients with in-hospital ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT\/VF) than those without in-hospital VT\/VF. GDF8 was positively correlated with troponin I peak (r = 0.247; p &lt; 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, log GDF8 (OR: 21.59; 95% CI 34.08\u2013119.05; p &lt; 0.001) was an independent predictor of troponin I peak. Conclusions: These results suggest that GDF8 levels could reflect the extent of myocardial damage during AMI, similar to peak troponin I, which is currently used to estimate infarct size. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking the GDF8 cytokine with troponin I levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T11:55:07Z","timestamp":1578052507000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Growth Differentiation Factor-8 (GDF8)\/Myostatin Is a Predictor of Troponin I Peak and a Marker of Clinical Severity after Acute Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Meloux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR des Sciences de Sant\u00e9; 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Rochette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR des Sciences de Sant\u00e9; 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maud","family":"Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR des Sciences de Sant\u00e9; 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bichat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR des Sciences de Sant\u00e9; 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tribouillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Cottin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR des Sciences de Sant\u00e9; 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5763-4579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR des Sciences de Sant\u00e9; 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4009-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Vergely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR des Sciences de Sant\u00e9; 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.255174","article-title":"Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"63","author":"Wollert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308391","article-title":"Biochemistry and Biology of GDF11 and Myostatin: Similarities, Differences, and Questions for Future Investigation","volume":"118","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.10.006","article-title":"Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11): Functions in the regulation of erythropoiesis and cardiac regeneration","volume":"156","author":"Rochette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.02.001","article-title":"Myostatin: More than just a regulator of muscle mass","volume":"17","author":"Argiles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12457","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12457","article-title":"Double muscling in cattle due to mutations in the myostatin gene","volume":"94","author":"McPherron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosher, D.S., Quignon, P., Bustamante, C.D., Sutter, N.B., Mellersh, C.S., Parker, H.G., and Ostrander, E.A. (2007). A mutation in the myostatin gene increases muscle mass and enhances racing performance in heterozygote dogs. PLoS Genet., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030079"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199907)180:1<1::AID-JCP1>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Myostatin, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, is expressed in heart muscle and is upregulated in cardiomyocytes after infarct","volume":"180","author":"Sharma","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq039","article-title":"Myostatin activation in patients with advanced heart failure and after mechanical unloading","volume":"12","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bish, L.T., George, I., Maybaum, S., Yang, J., Chen, J.M., and Sweeney, H.L. (2011). Myostatin is elevated in congenital heart disease and after mechanical unloading. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023818"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.12.057","article-title":"Cardiac myostatin upregulation occurs immediately after myocardial ischemia and is involved in skeletal muscle activation of atrophy","volume":"457","author":"Castillero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.753483","article-title":"Relation between body mass index, waist circumference, and death after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"118","author":"Zeller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826e1058","article-title":"Third universal definition of myocardial infarction","volume":"126","author":"Thygesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.023","article-title":"Quantification of GDF11 and Myostatin in Human Aging and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"23","author":"Schafer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1273","article-title":"Endocrine and clinical correlates of myostatin serum concentration in men--the STRAMBO study","volume":"97","author":"Szulc","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv385","article-title":"Association of growth differentiation factor 11\/8, putative anti-ageing factor, with cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality in humans: Analysis of the Heart and Soul and HUNT3 cohorts","volume":"36","author":"Olson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fife, E., Kostka, J., Kroc, L., Guligowska, A., Piglowska, M., Soltysik, B., Kaufman-Szymczyk, A., Fabianowska-Majewska, K., and Kostka, T. (2018). Relationship of muscle function to circulating myostatin, follistatin and GDF11 in older women and men. BMC Geriatr., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0888-y"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.09.044","article-title":"Transgenic expression of myostatin propeptide prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"337","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandt, C., Nielsen, A.R., Fischer, C.P., Hansen, J., Pedersen, B.K., and Plomgaard, P. (2012). Plasma and muscle myostatin in relation to type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037236"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0943","article-title":"Increased secretion and expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle from extremely obese women","volume":"58","author":"Hittel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2079-7","article-title":"Myostatin-deficient mice exhibit reduced insulin resistance through activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009358","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009358","article-title":"Increased Muscle Mass Protects Against Hypertension and Renal Injury in Obesity","volume":"7","author":"Butcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0349","article-title":"Genetic disruption of myostatin reduces the development of proatherogenic dyslipidemia and atherogenic lesions in Ldlr null mice","volume":"58","author":"Tu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"26","article-title":"Myostatin as a Marker for Doxorubicin Induced Cardiac Damage","volume":"46","author":"Kesik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.304185","article-title":"Myostatin regulates energy homeostasis in the heart and prevents heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Biesemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.882068","article-title":"Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure","volume":"121","author":"Heineke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.101","article-title":"Myocardial myostatin in spontaneously hypertensive rats with heart failure","volume":"215","author":"Damatto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.04.017","article-title":"Predictive value of serum myostatin for the severity and clinical outcome of heart failure","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.05.138","article-title":"Absence of Myostatin Improves Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction","volume":"27","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq446","article-title":"Cardiac imaging after myocardial infarction","volume":"32","author":"Flachskampf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"39","author":"Ibanez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/1\/116\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:47:19Z","timestamp":1760190439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/1\/116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9010116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9010116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]}}}