{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:45:52Z","timestamp":1793810752736,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]],"date-time":"2020-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Health Labor Sciences Research Grant","award":["038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis (DISH), the ankylosed spine becomes susceptible to spinal fractures and spinal cord injuries due to the long lever arms of the fractured segments that make the fracture extremely unstable. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to examine the differences in DISH-affected spine fractures according to fracture level. The data of 285 cases with fractures of DISH-ankylosed segments diagnosed through computed tomography (CT) imaging were studied and the characteristics of 84 cases with cervical fractures were compared to 201 cases with thoracolumbar fractures. Examination of the CT images revealed that cervical fracture cases were associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and had fractures at the intervertebral disc level, while thoracolumbar fracture cases were associated with ankylosing of the posterior elements and had fractures at the vertebral body. Neurologically, cervical fracture cases had a higher ratio of spinal cord injury leading to higher mortality, while thoracolumbar fracture cases had lower rates of initial spinal cord injury. However, a subset of thoracolumbar fracture cases suffered from a delay in diagnosis that led to higher rates of delayed neurological deterioration. Some of these thoracolumbar fracture cases had no apparent injury episode but experienced severe neurological deterioration. The information provided by this study will hopefully aid in the education of patients with DISH and raise the awareness of clinicians to potential pitfalls in the assessment of DISH trauma patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T04:05:51Z","timestamp":1578888351000},"page":"208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Comparison of Cervical and Thoracolumbar Fractures Associated with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis\u2014A Nationwide Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0046-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Katoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eijiro","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8743-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Katsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Hiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama 649-7113, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-3961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teruaki","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama 701-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imakiire General Hospital, Kagoshima 892-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keishi","family":"Maruo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital, Saitama 332-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8002-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sho","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 432-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Ohba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanichiro","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori 036-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Ohya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanji","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikito","family":"Tsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Aichi 455-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirosuke","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0878-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kota","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morio","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Okawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9038-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.9.4.321","article-title":"Senile ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine","volume":"9","author":"Forestier","year":"1950","journal-title":"Ann. 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