{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:12Z","timestamp":1787028672665,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is used to evaluate the lymphatic function before and after pneumatic compression or post-manual lymphatic drainage. The aim of this study was to ascertain the changes in the fluoroscopic pattern produced by the provision of complex physical therapy. This prospective analytic (pretest-posttest) study was conducted in 19 patients with upper lymphedema secondary to breast cancer. Nine patients were excluded due to ICG found after 3 weeks. The ICG patterns were analyzed under basal conditions and after three weeks of treatment. After the treatment, 45% of the patients presented tracer remains in the affected limb, and this finding was significantly related to time of the lymphedema development. In one subject, the patterns remain unchanged or cannot be defined. Three of the ten patients observed present the worsening of at least 1 of the patterns and in the rest of the subjects, six cases, the improvement of the patterns is observed. In 60% of the cases, the most severe pattern reversed towards slight (splash) cases, and moderate cases reversed towards a slight case in 70% of cases. Therefore, after treatment with complex physical therapy, the pathological patterns observed in the pretest, which evolved positively, reverted their severity toward milder disease patterns or towards normality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T11:01:00Z","timestamp":1579863660000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Changes in Indocyanine Green Lymphography Patterns after Physical Treatment in Secondary Upper Limb Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8230-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Medina-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Barranco de la Ballena s\/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de San Crist\u00f3bal, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3545-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"de-la-Casa-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, C\/Avicena s\/n, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6816-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of General Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin. Barranco de la Ballena s\/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Hermida Anllo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery of General Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Barranco de la Ballena s\/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther M.","family":"Medrano-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, C\/Avicena s\/n, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.05.003","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Complete Decongestive Therapy in the Treatment of Lymphedema from 2004 to 2011","volume":"4","author":"Lasinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2012.11.004","article-title":"Complete Decongestive Therapy for Treatment of Lymphedema","volume":"29","author":"Lasinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. 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