{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:21:00Z","timestamp":1761294060207,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder and usually affects patients between 60 and 70 years of age. To our knowledge, this condition has never been studied in young patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Our objective was to describe the clinical and biological characteristics of pHPT in adult patients with SCD and its management. We conducted a retrospective study that included SCD patients who were diagnosed with pHPT in four SCD referral centers. pHPT was defined by the presence of elevated serum calcium levels with inappropriate normal or increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels or histopathological evidence of parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. Patients with severe renal impairment (GFR &lt;30 mL\/min) were excluded. Twenty-eight patients (18 women, 64%; 22 homozygous genotype, 79%) were included. The median age at pHPT diagnosis was 41 years (interquartile range \u2013IQR- 31.5\u201349.5). The median serum calcium and PTH concentration were, respectively, 2.62 mmol\/L (IQR 2.60\u20132.78) and 105 pg\/mL (IQR 69\u2013137). Bone mineral density (BMD) revealed very low BMD (\u2264\u22122.5 SD) in 44% of patients explored (vs. 12.5% among 32 SCD patients matched for SCD genotype, sex, age, and BMI, p = 0.03). Fourteen patients (50%) received surgical treatment, which was successful in all cases, but four of these patients (29%) presented with pHPT recurrence after a median time of 6.5 years. Three of these patients underwent a second cervical surgery that confirmed the presence of a new parathyroid adenoma. These results suggest that SCD is a condition associated with pHPT in young subjects. SCD patients with pHPT have a high risk of very low BMD. A diagnosis of pHPT should be suspected in the presence of mild hypercalcemia or low BMD in SCD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T11:01:00Z","timestamp":1579863660000},"page":"308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Sickle Cell Disease: An Unknown Complication of the Disease in Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elsa","family":"Denoix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Sickle Cell Referral Center, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charl\u00e8ne","family":"Bomahou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Sickle Cell Referral Center, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Clavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Diab\u00e9tologie-Endocrinologie, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Creteil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Antoine","family":"Ribeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Biotherapy Department, Sickle Cell Referral Center, Necker Children\u2019s Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lionnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Interne, Sickle Cell Referral Center, H\u00f4pital Tenon (AP-HP), 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Bartolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sickle Cell Referral Center, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Creteil, France"},{"name":"Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de le Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U955, DHU A-TVB, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Courbebaisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Physiology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Pouchot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Sickle Cell Referral Center, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Beno\u00eet","family":"Arlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Sickle Cell Referral Center, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050910","article-title":"Incidence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Rochester, Minnesota, 1993\u20132001: An Update on the Changing Epidemiology of the Disease","volume":"21","author":"Wermers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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