{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:58:35Z","timestamp":1785373115981,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition of the Netherlands","award":["grant A-1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant A-1003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009068","name":"CONICYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F72190118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F72190118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arsenic is toxic to many organ systems, the kidney being the most sensitive target organ. We aimed to investigate whether, in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), the nephrotoxic exposure to arsenic could represent an overlooked hazard for graft survival. We performed a prospective cohort study of 665 KTRs with a functional graft \u22651 year, recruited in a university setting (2008\u20122011), in The Netherlands. Plasma arsenic was measured by ICP-MS, and dietary intake was comprehensively assessed using a validated 177-item food-frequency questionnaire. The endpoint graft failure was defined as restart of dialysis or re-transplantation. Median arsenic concentration was 1.26 (IQR, 1.04\u20122.04) \u00b5g\/L. In backwards linear regression analyses we found that fish consumption (std \u03b2 = 0.26; p &lt; 0.001) was the major independent determinant of plasma arsenic. During 5 years of follow-up, 72 KTRs developed graft failure. In Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses, we found that arsenic was associated with increased risk of graft failure (HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.28\u20132.53; p = 0.001). This association remained materially unaltered after adjustment for donor and recipient characteristics, immunosuppressive therapy, eGFR, primary renal disease, and proteinuria. In conclusion, in KTRs, plasma arsenic is independently associated with increased risk of late graft failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T02:59:18Z","timestamp":1580957958000},"page":"417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Circulating Arsenic is Associated with Long-Term Risk of Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilo G.","family":"Sotomayor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1886-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dion","family":"Groothof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2115-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joppe J.","family":"Vodegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s A.","family":"Gacit\u00faa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4398-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio W.","family":"Gomes-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryse C. J.","family":"Ost\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catterina","family":"Ferreccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, 8330033 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan P.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, 7610658 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riemer H. J. A.","family":"Slart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, CP 8380453 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerjan J.","family":"Navis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan J.","family":"Touw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan J. L.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440500534230","article-title":"Methylated arsenicals: The implications of metabolism and carcinogenicity studies in rodents to human risk assessment","volume":"36","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr184","article-title":"Arsenic exposure and toxicology: A historical perspective","volume":"123","author":"Hughes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. 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