{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T22:45:19Z","timestamp":1777070719518,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Corneal grafts interact with their hosts via complex immunobiological processes that sometimes lead to graft failure. Prediction of graft failure is often a tedious task due to the genetic and nongenetic heterogeneity of patients. As in other areas of medicine, a reliable prediction method would impact therapeutic decision-making in corneal transplantation. Valuable insights into the clinically observed heterogeneity of host responses to corneal grafts have emerged from multidisciplinary approaches, including genomics analyses, mechanical studies, immunobiology, and theoretical modeling. Here, we review the emerging concepts, tools, and new biomarkers that may allow for the prediction of graft survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T08:12:22Z","timestamp":1582618342000},"page":"586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Variable Responses to Corneal Grafts: Insights from Immunology and Systems Biology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Zazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9018-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Mok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cornea, External Disease &amp; Refractive Surgery, HanGil Eye Hospital, Incheon 21388, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaemyoung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Niutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Coassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Mashaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology Division, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3435-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takenori","family":"Inomata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colby, K., and Dana, R. 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