{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:11:58Z","timestamp":1788343918389,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":305,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PRIN to R. Pierantoni 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN to R. Pierantoni 2017"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania &quot;L. Vanvitelli&quot;","award":["Grant VALERE, Vanvitelli per la Ricerca  2019 to G. Cobellis"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant VALERE, Vanvitelli per la Ricerca  2019 to G. Cobellis"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania &quot;L. Vanvitelli&quot;","award":["Grant Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale-2020 to R. Chianese"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale-2020 to R. Chianese"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spermatozoa (SPZ) are motile cells, characterized by a cargo of epigenetic information including histone post-translational modifications (histone PTMs) and non-coding RNAs. Specific histone PTMs are present in developing germ cells, with a key role in spermatogenic events such as self-renewal and commitment of spermatogonia (SPG), meiotic recombination, nuclear condensation in spermatids (SPT). Nuclear condensation is related to chromatin remodeling events and requires a massive histone-to-protamine exchange. After this event a small percentage of chromatin is condensed by histones and SPZ contain nucleoprotamines and a small fraction of nucleohistone chromatin carrying a landascape of histone PTMs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new class of non-coding RNAs, characterized by a nonlinear back-spliced junction, able to play as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, protein scaffolds and translation templates, have been recently characterized in both human and mouse SPZ. Since their abundance in eukaryote tissues, it is challenging to deepen their biological function, especially in the field of reproduction. Here we review the critical role of histone PTMs in male germ cells and the profile of circRNAs in mouse and human SPZ. Furthermore, we discuss their suggested role as novel epigenetic biomarkers to assess sperm quality and improve artificial insemination procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T07:50:53Z","timestamp":1583135453000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Histone Post-Translational Modifications and CircRNAs in Mouse and Human Spermatozoa: Potential Epigenetic Marks to Assess Human Sperm Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1720-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Chioccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pierantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Manfrevola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Porreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Chianese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5884-9208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilda","family":"Cobellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. 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