{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:29:31Z","timestamp":1793046571685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary patterns may play an important role in musculoskeletal well-being. However, the link between dietary patterns, the components of patients\u2019 diet, and chronic musculoskeletal pain remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematically review the literature on the link between dietary patterns, the components of patients\u2019 diet and chronic musculoskeletal pain. This review was conducted following the \u201cPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses\u201d (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42018110782. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase online databases were searched. After screening titles and abstracts of 20,316 articles and full texts of 347 articles, 12 eligible articles were included in this review, consisting of nine experimental and three observational studies. Seven out of nine experimental studies reported a pain-relieving effect of dietary changes. Additionally, protein, fat, and sugar intake were found to be associated with pain intensity and pain threshold. In conclusion, plant-based diets might have pain relieving effects on chronic musculoskeletal pain. Patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis pain can show inadequate intake of calcium, folate, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin B6, whilst patients with fibromyalgia can show a lower intake of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamin A-E-K, folate, selenium, and zinc. Chronic pain severity also shows a positive relation with fat and sugar intake in osteoarthritis, and pain threshold shows a positive association with protein intake in fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T07:33:46Z","timestamp":1583480026000},"page":"702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Do Nutritional Factors Interact with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain? A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3222-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Elma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education &amp; Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevilay T\u00fcmkaya","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education &amp; Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Deliens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education &amp; Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1598-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Coppieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education &amp; Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Clarys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4976-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Nijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education &amp; Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneleen","family":"Malfliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education &amp; Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.581","article-title":"The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions","volume":"133","author":"Gatchel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. 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