{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:21:35Z","timestamp":1784168495233,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive liver disease characterized by chronic inflammation leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Even though the exact pathogenesis is still unclear, a combination of autoimmune, environmental, and ischemic factors could explain certain aspects of the disease. The most important diagnostic step is cholangiography, which can be obtained either by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP as the gold standard), or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. It shows multifocal short biliary duct strictures leading to the \u201cbeaded\u201d aspect. Cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma are the most feared complications in patients with Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Continuous screening consists of annual clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound assessments in asymptomatic patients and annual colonoscopy in patients with PSC and inflammatory bowel disease. In newly diagnosed patients with PSC, colonoscopy is mandatory and, if negative, then, a repeat colonoscopy should be performed in 3\u20135 years. The lack of efficient curative medical treatment makes invasive treatments such as liver transplant and endoscopy the mainstream for managing PSC and its complications. Until now, even though only ursodeoxycholic acid has shown a moderate clinical, biochemical, and even histological improvement, it has no significant influence on the risk of cholangiocarcinoma, liver transplant need, or death risk and it is no longer recommended in treating early PSC. Further studies are in progress to establish the effect of molecular-targeted therapies in PSC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1584015771000},"page":"754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["An Overview on Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"Vl\u0103du\u0163","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Prof Dr Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Cioc\u00eerlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Prof Dr Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Bilous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasile","family":"\u0218andru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina","family":"Stan-Ilie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Panic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje University Clinic, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Becheanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomopathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Jinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Central Hospital, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0381-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca S.","family":"Costache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Central Hospital, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5906-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Costache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Central Hospital, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea","family":"Diculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 7000 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2015). 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