{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:42:02Z","timestamp":1779144122635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007406","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n BBVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018, BBM-TRA-0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018, BBM-TRA-0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"by Secretaria d\u2019Universitats i Recerca del Departament d\u2019Economia i Coneixement","award":["2017_SGR_1305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017_SGR_1305"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008050","name":"Cellex Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current evidences state clear that both normal development of breast tissue as well as its malignant progression need many-sided local and systemic communications between epithelial cells and stromal components. During development, the stroma, through remarkably regulated contextual signals, affects the fate of the different mammary cells regarding their specification and differentiation. Likewise, the stroma can generate tumour environments that facilitate the neoplastic growth of the breast carcinoma. Mammographic density has been described as a risk factor in the development of breast cancer and is ascribed to modifications in the composition of breast tissue, including both stromal and glandular compartments. Thus, stroma composition can dramatically affect the progression of breast cancer but also its early detection since it is mainly responsible for the differences in mammographic density among individuals. This review highlights both the pathological and biological evidences for a pivotal role of the breast stroma in mammographic density, with particular emphasis on dense and malignant stromas, their clinical meaning and potential therapeutic implications for breast cancer patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1584015771000},"page":"776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Breast Mammographic Density: Stromal Implications on Breast Cancer Detection and Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August\u00ed Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1957-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Mancino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Fuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry &amp; Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Bragado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Prats de Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Breast Committee, Hospital El Pilar, Quir\u00f3n salud Group, 08006 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Gasc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Oncology and Multidisciplinary Knowledge, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neus","family":"Carb\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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