{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:07:26Z","timestamp":1792494446389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection raises important challenges, still being the most common chronic infection worldwide in all age groups. In high-prevalence regions, paediatric patients need a specific focus, as the acquisition of the infection takes place in childhood. The objective of this study was to analyze the endoscopic and histopathologic changes of the gastric mucosa in H. pylori infected children. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on consecutive paediatric patients, ranging from 0 to 18 years of age, who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) for a period of 5 years, regardless of their symptomatology. Endoscopy reports and histological slides were reviewed and clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were recorded. Results: A total of 248 patients were included in the study, 82 (33.06%) of them being H. pylori infected. There was no difference in age and symptoms between the infected and noninfected group. A significant association was found between the H. pylori infection and histopathological parameters such as acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The bacterial load influences the intensity of inflammation (p &lt; 0.001). The chronic inflammation was predominant, only 23.2% of the patients displayed acute inflammation (p &lt; 0.0001). The topographic distribution of inflammation was dominated by pangastritis (p = 0.04) with 58.6% of the patients presenting similar degrees of inflammation both in the antrum and corpus. Conclusion: Endoscopic features such as nodularity of the antral mucosa (p &lt; 0.05) along with histological findings as lymphoid follicles (p &lt; 0.05) are suggestive of H. pylori infection. However, the concordance between the endoscopic and histological diagnosis is still far from perfect (Cohen\u2019s k coefficient = 0.42), maintaining the need for an invasive approach in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T08:58:59Z","timestamp":1584089939000},"page":"784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Children\u2014The Link between Endoscopy and Histology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana-Maria Teodora","family":"Dom\u0219a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7405-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca","family":"Lupu\u0219oru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0755-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Gheban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu","family":"\u0218erban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Maria","family":"Borzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Management, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12155","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and public health","volume":"19","author":"Axon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022","article-title":"Global prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Hooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration","volume":"1","author":"Marshall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (1994). 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