{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:36:52Z","timestamp":1761061012821,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enteropathy may be the first presentation of immunodeficiency or it may occur during the course of the disease and in association with malabsorption in patients affected by primary antibody diseases. For these patients, immunoglobulin G (IgG) replacement therapy prevents infectious and non-infectious complications. Nonetheless some patients cannot achieve optimal IgG trough levels, even when treated with high Ig doses in absence of protein-losing syndromes. We investigated seven patients affected by common variable immunodeficiencies (CVIDs) and treated with high Ig doses (600\u2013800 mg\/kg\/month) showing low IgG trough level. Patients underwent abdominal scintigraphy with human polyclonal immunoglobulin G labeled with 99mTc and with white blood cells labeled by 111 Indium-oxinate to investigate asymptomatic bowel inflammation. A concentration of labeled leukocytes in abdominal segments greater than that observed with human polyclonal immunoglobulin G was evident only in one patient. In five patients a slight concentration of both radiopharmaceuticals was reported, due to mild intestinal inflammatory response. These data might be related to mild increase of capillary permeability in the absence of inflammation leukocyte mediated. This study discloses a new cause of IgG-accelerated catabolism due to inflammatory bowel conditions without diarrhea in CVID patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T13:39:34Z","timestamp":1585834774000},"page":"949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Usefulness of Scintigraphic Studies in the Assessment of Asymptomatic Bowel Disease in Patients with Primary Antibody Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Milito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8486-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cinetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine I, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Megna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 0161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Spadaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center for Research in Basic and Clinical Immunology Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Quinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Liberatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 0161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.02.004","article-title":"The European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) Registry Working Definitions for the Clinical Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Immunity","volume":"7","author":"Seidel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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