{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:48:48Z","timestamp":1760237328079,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Considering the lack of universally accepted visual requirements for driving and for defining various grades of visual disability, the aim of this study is to propose a new method that provides a numerical score resulting from a combined assessment of the visual field and visual acuity loss obtained using a digital technology visor. Methods: This study presents a new system for calculating the percentage of visual disability by combining binocular visual acuity and binocular visual field assessments. A new Global Vision Evaluation System digital technology visor uses standardized, reproducible criteria to produce well-defined, numerically expressed test results. Through a specific algorithm, the device produces a numerical value expressing the percentage of visual disability. Results: Eighty-six subjects with various types of visual impairment underwent visual acuity and visual field test examinations carried out employing both traditional methods and the new digital visor. The two methods provided homogeneously similar results regarding the positioning of the subjects on the visual disability scale. Conclusions: The new digital visor seems to be a valid method to ensure that visual disability assessments are more homogeneous and reliable, and that, consequently, the resources available for this purpose are more fairly distributed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T03:10:01Z","timestamp":1586833801000},"page":"1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New System for Assessing Visual Disability Using a Digital Visor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Sangiuolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Foundation of Digital and Robotic Ophthalmology (F.I.O.D.E.R.), 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-8951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Amore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired\u2014WHOCC, IAPB Italy Onlus\u2014FPG IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Bacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine, Forensic Sciences, and Sport Medicine Section, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Brusini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, \u201cCitt\u00e0 di Udine\u201d Health Clinic, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Cruciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired\u2014WHOCC, IAPB Italy Onlus\u2014FPG IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Gualtieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Section of Legal Medicine, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Lancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine, Forensic Sciences, and Sport Medicine Section, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Sangiuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine, Forensic Sciences, and Sport Medicine Section, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Sangiuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, NHS Latina Pontino Center University of Roma \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13572","article-title":"Transnational review of visual standards for driving: How Australia compares with the rest of the world","volume":"47","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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