{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:57:43Z","timestamp":1770710263920,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A2B4002176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A2B4002176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication of chemotherapy and remains a significant unmet need. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oral bacteriota and HSV-1 in OM. Forty-six patients admitted for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were longitudinally evaluated for OM, Candida, HSV-1, and leukocyte count, and buccal mucosal bacterial samples were obtained during their admission period. The bacterial communities collected at the baseline and post-chemotherapy, chosen from the time with the highest severity, were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Twenty (43.5%) patients developed OM, the severity of which ranged from 1 to 5 according to the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS). Chemotherapy significantly increased the prevalence of HSV-1 detection but not that of Candida. The bacterial communities of patients after conditioning chemotherapy were characterized by aberrant enrichment of minor species and decreased evenness and Shannon diversity. After adjustment for age, gender, and neutropenia, the presence of HSV-1 was associated with the incidence of OM (odds ratio = 3.668, p = 0.004), while the decrease in Shannon diversity was associated with the severity of OM (\u03b2 = 0.533 \u00b1 0.220, p = 0.015). The control of HSV-1 and restoration of oral bacterial diversity may be a novel option to treat or prevent OM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T03:10:01Z","timestamp":1586833801000},"page":"1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association of HSV-1 and Reduced Oral Bacteriota Diversity with Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ahreum","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junshik","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yeop","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngil","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2591-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Soo","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pil-Jong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Gee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Kyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngnim","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01258.x","article-title":"Oral mucositis","volume":"12","author":"Scully","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, J., Park, H.-K., Park, S., Lee, A., Lee, Y.-H., Shin, D.-Y., Koh, Y., Choi, J.-Y., Yoon, S.-S., and Choi, Y. (2019). Strong association between herpes simplex virus-1 and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Korean J. Intern. Med.","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.469"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02202.x","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of oral mucositis in patients receiving myeloablative conditioning regimens and haemopoietic progenitor rescue","volume":"110","author":"Wardley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930901)72:5<1612::AID-CNCR2820720520>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"A longitudinal study of oral ulcerative mucositis in bone marrow transplant recipients","volume":"72","author":"Woo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-1942-0","article-title":"Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer\/International Society of Oral, O. Systematic review of basic oral care for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients","volume":"21","author":"McGuire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00354","article-title":"New Frontiers in the Pathobiology and Treatment of Cancer Regimen-Related Mucosal Injury","volume":"8","author":"Cinausero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1148-z","article-title":"The impact of oral herpes simplex virus infection and candidiasis on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis among patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-011-1190-0","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of HSV, Candida spp., and oral bacteria on the severity of oral mucositis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"20","author":"Levy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-012-1463-2","article-title":"Oral bacteria and yeasts in relationship to oral ulcerations in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"20","author":"Laheij","year":"2012","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.11.015","article-title":"Molecular methodology to assess the impact of cancer chemotherapy on the oral bacterial flora: A pilot study","volume":"109","author":"Napenas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E559","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12287","article-title":"Oral bacterial community dynamics in paediatric patients with malignancies in relation to chemotherapy-related oral mucositis: A prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(03)00031-6","article-title":"CTCAE v3.0: Development of a comprehensive grading system for the adverse effects of cancer treatment","volume":"13","author":"Trotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990515)85:10<2103::AID-CNCR2>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Validation of a new scoring system for the assessment of clinical trial research of oral mucositis induced by radiation or chemotherapy","volume":"85","author":"Sonis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.06.019","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: A global perspective","volume":"15","author":"Tomblyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"The presence of bacteria within tissue provides insights into the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001755","article-title":"Introducing EzBioCloud: A taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies","volume":"67","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516641890","article-title":"Host-Microbiome Cross-talk in Oral Mucositis","volume":"95","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda-Silva, W., Knebel, F.H., Tozetto-Mendozo, T.R., Palmieri, M., da Fonseca, F.P., Camargo, A.A., Braz-Silva, P.H., and Fregnani, E.R. (2020). Herpesviruses in the oral cavity of patients subjected to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and its relationship with oral mucositis. Clin. Oral. Investig.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.04.759"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630010667","article-title":"Anti-fungal resistance in candida isolated from oral and diaper rash candidiasis in neonates","volume":"410","author":"Mohamadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0679-5","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is associated with detrimental bacterial dysbiosis","volume":"7","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800141","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201800141","article-title":"Recent updates of fluoroquinolones as antibacterial agents","volume":"351","author":"Ezelarab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim)"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.01.030","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis of the stool microbiome in patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Loss of diversity is associated with use of systemic antibiotics and more pronounced in gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease","volume":"20","author":"Holler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53073-w","article-title":"Microbial changes in relation to oral mucositis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients","volume":"9","author":"Laheij","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"38","article-title":"Prevalence of Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Korean J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.05.003","article-title":"Immune control of herpes simplex virus during latency","volume":"16","author":"Khanna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564086","article-title":"Frequency of Oral Mucositis and Local Virus Reactivation in Herpes Simplex Virus Seropositive Children with Myelosuppressive Therapy","volume":"227","author":"Hurni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Klin. Padiatr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2004.01058.x","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 shedding in the oral cavity of seropositive patients","volume":"11","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1086\/505359","article-title":"The cycle of human herpes simplex virus infection: Virus transport and immune control","volume":"194","author":"Cunningham","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1086\/515236","article-title":"In vivo production of cytokines and \u03b2 (CC) chemokines in human recurrent herpes simplex lesions\u2014Do herpes simplex virus-infected keratinocytes contribute to their production?","volume":"177","author":"Miklos","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-014-0044-5","article-title":"The Biofilm Community-Rebels with a Cause","volume":"2","author":"Aruni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Oral. Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-018-0435-0","article-title":"Rethinking Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in the Transplant Patient in the World of Emerging Resistant Organisms-Where Are We Today?","volume":"13","author":"Horton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/4\/1090\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:17:41Z","timestamp":1760174261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/4\/1090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9041090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9041090","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]}}}