{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:26:00Z","timestamp":1793039160892,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities co-financed by FEDER funds","award":["RTI2018-095830-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-095830-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r0vyz12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FPU pre-doctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport","award":["FPU2014-02808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU2014-02808"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03nc27g21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic illness characterized by widespread pain and other clinical and emotional symptoms. The lack of objective markers of the illness has been a persistent problem in FMS research, clinical management, and social recognition of the disease. A critical historical revision of diagnostic criteria for FMS, especially those formulated by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), was performed. This narrative review has been structured as follows: Introduction; historical background of FMS, including studies proposing and revising the diagnostic criteria; the process of development of the ACR FMS diagnostic criteria (1990 and 2010 versions); revisions of the 2010 ACR FMS diagnostic criteria; the development of scales based on the 2010 and 2011 criteria, which could help with diagnosis and evaluation of the clinical severity of the disease, such as the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale and the FMS Survey Questionnaire; relationships of prevalence and sex ratio with the different diagnostic criteria; validity and diagnostic accuracy of the ACR FMS criteria; the issues of differential diagnosis and comorbidity; the strength and main limitations of the ACR FMS criteria; new perspectives regarding FMS diagnosis; and the impact of the novel findings in the diagnosis of FMS. It is concluded that despite the official 2010 FMS diagnostic criteria and the diagnostic proposal of 2011 and 2016, complaints from health professionals and patients continue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T01:29:15Z","timestamp":1588123755000},"page":"1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":201,"title":["Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia: Critical Review and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Galvez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Reyes del Paso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia","volume":"33","author":"Wolfe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity","volume":"62","author":"Wolfe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.05.017","article-title":"Personality and fibromyalgia: Relationships with clinical, emotional, and functional variables","volume":"85","author":"Montoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers. Indiv. Differ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.072","article-title":"Alexithymia in Fibromyalgia Syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Montoro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers. Indiv. Differ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.08.009","article-title":"Emotions and emotional approach and avoidance strategies in Fibromyalgia","volume":"64","author":"Lumley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.129","article-title":"Depression and trait-anxiety mediate the influence of clinical pain on health-related quality of life in fibromyalgia","volume":"265","author":"Montoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2017.06.008","article-title":"Fibromialgia: Prevalencia, perfiles epidemiol\u00f3gicos y costes econ\u00f3micos","volume":"149","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Reumatolog\u00eda-SER (2019, August 22). Proyecto EPISER 2016: Prevalencia de las Enfermedades Reum\u00e1ticas en la Poblaci\u00f3n Adulta en Espa\u00f1a. Available online: https:\/\/www.ser.es\/se-ha-presentado-el-estudio-episer-2016-en-la-sede-del-ministerio-de-sanidad-consumo-y-bienestar-social\/."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2012.736930","article-title":"The association among childhood maltreatment, somatic symptom intensity, depression, and somatoform dissociative symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: A single-center cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Bohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20328","article-title":"Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Kosseva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"307","article-title":"Differences in pain processing between patients with chronic low back pain, recurrent low back pain, and fibromyalgia","volume":"20","author":"Goubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.547475","article-title":"Treatment of central sensitization in patients with \u201cunexplained\u201d chronic pain: What options do we have?","volume":"12","author":"Nijs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.03.015","article-title":"Spatial summation of mechanically evoked muscle pain and painful aftersensations in normal subjects and fibromyalgia patients","volume":"130","author":"Staud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw361","article-title":"Responses to slowly repeated evoked pain stimuli in fibromyalgia patients: Evidence of enhanced pain sensitization","volume":"18","author":"Bruehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"573","article-title":"Specificity of slowly repeated evoked pain in comparison with traditional pain threshold and tolerance measures in fibromyalgia patients","volume":"80","author":"Bruehl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10225","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia","volume":"46","author":"Gracely","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000138","article-title":"Aberrant cerebral blood flow responses during cognition: Implications for the understanding of cognitive deficits in fibromyalgia","volume":"29","author":"Montoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.09.012","article-title":"Autonomic cardiovascular control and responses to experimental pain stimulation in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Garrido","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26179","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and small-fiber polyneuropathy: what\u2019s in a name?","volume":"58","author":"Farhad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4300-2","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and small fiber neuropathy: The plot thickens!","volume":"37","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2018.17109","article-title":"Evidence of peripheral large nerve involvement in fibromyalgia: A retrospective review of EMG and nerve conduction findings in 55 FM subjects","volume":"5","author":"Caro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Hooten, W.M., Timming, R., and Belgrade, M. (2013). Assessment and Management of Chronic Pain, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI)."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"716","article-title":"Nuevos criterios diagn\u00f3sticos de fibromialgia: \u00bfvinieron para quedarse?","volume":"3","author":"Moyano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reumatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-013-0016-9","article-title":"Management of fibromyalgia syndrome: Review of evidence","volume":"2","author":"Okifuji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Baillou, G. (1642). Liber de Rheumatismo et Pleuritide Dorsali, Thevart MJ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2246.117","article-title":"The development of the concept of fibrositis","volume":"1","author":"Gowers","year":"1904","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"107","article-title":"The causes, pathology, and treatment of chronic rheumatism","volume":"15","author":"Stockman","year":"1904","journal-title":"Edinb. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Vidal, L.F. (2015). Fibromialgia en la Pr\u00e1ctica Diaria, Megatrazo S.A.C."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.6.4.195","article-title":"Psychogenic rheumatism: The musculoskeletal expression of psychoneurosis","volume":"6","author":"Boland","year":"1947","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"33","article-title":"The fibrosits syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Graham","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bull. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1968.tb02092.x","article-title":"Fibrositis","volume":"16","author":"Traut","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Nonarticular rheumatism, 22nd rheumatism review: Review of the American and English literature for the years 1973 and 1974","volume":"19","author":"Hench","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081180","article-title":"Fibromyalgia wars","volume":"36","author":"Wolfe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00167-8","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and the rheumatisms. Common sense and sensibility","volume":"19","author":"Block","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1668","article-title":"\u201cFibromyalgia\u201d and the medicalization of misery","volume":"30","author":"Hadler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conrad, P. (2007). The Medicalization of Society, The John Hopkins University Press.","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801885846"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hacking, I. (1999). The Social Construction of What?, Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1bzfp1z"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600102","article-title":"The shifting engines of medicalization","volume":"46","author":"Conrad","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"928","article-title":"Two contributions to understanding of the fibrositis syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Smythe","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"405","article-title":"Fibrositis: Misnomer for a common rheumatic disorder","volume":"134","author":"Bennett","year":"1981","journal-title":"West J. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.4.441","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and major affective disorder: A controlled phenomenology and family history study","volume":"142","author":"Hudson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(81)90096-2","article-title":"Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): Clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls","volume":"11","author":"Yunus","year":"1981","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250216","article-title":"Fibrositis and psychologic disturbance","volume":"25","author":"Payne","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"965","article-title":"Prevalence of primary and secondary fibrositis","volume":"10","author":"Wolfe","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260701","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of fibrositis I. A \u201cblinded\u201d controlled study of symptoms and tender points","volume":"26","author":"Campbell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350612","article-title":"Reactive fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Greenfield","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"S48","article-title":"The prevalence of fibromyalgia in a rural German community: How much difference do different criteria make?","volume":"36","author":"Raspe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199504000-00011","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment outcome of primary and secondary fibromyalgia in patients with spinal pain","volume":"20","author":"Borenstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbr.2017.05.006","article-title":"Novas diretrizes para o diagn\u00f3stico da fibromyalgia","volume":"57","author":"Heymann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Reumatol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2011.595734","article-title":"Review article Fibromyalgia diagnosis and diagnostic criteria","volume":"43","author":"Wolfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"377","article-title":"A standardized manual tender point survey. I. Development and determination of a threshold point for the identification of positive tender points in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Okifuji","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38908","article-title":"The Status of Fibromyalgia Criteria","volume":"67","author":"Wolfe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2829-6","article-title":"Validation of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia in an Iranian population","volume":"33","author":"Bidari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0462-3","article-title":"The Japanese version of the 2010 American college of rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and the fibromyalgia symptom scale: Reliability and validity","volume":"22","author":"Usui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzcharles, M.A., Ste-Marie, P.A., Panopalis, P., M\u00e9nard, H., Shir, Y., and Wolfe, F. (2012). The 2010 American college of rheumatology fibromyalgia survey diagnostic criteria and symptom severity scale is a valid and reliable tool in a French speaking fibromyalgia cohort. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-179"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-150627","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of fibromyalgia survey diagnostic criteria and symptom severity scale","volume":"29","author":"Yanmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"S55","article-title":"The Spanish version of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Preliminary Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for fibromyalgia: Reliability and validity assessment","volume":"34","author":"Casanueva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","article-title":"Revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria","volume":"46","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.024","article-title":"Cutaneous C fiber pain abnormalities of fibromyalgia patients are specifically related to temporal summation","volume":"139","author":"Staud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20293","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: Do not give up the tender point count too easily: Comment on the article by Wolfe","volume":"62","author":"Vanderschueren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100594","article-title":"Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: A modification of the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia","volume":"38","author":"Wolfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20355","article-title":"Reply [letter]","volume":"63","author":"Wolfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu169","article-title":"Validation of the modified 2010 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia in a Spanish population","volume":"53","author":"Aparicio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-012-0759-x","article-title":"The Japanese version of the modified ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and the Fibromyalgia Symptom Scale: Reliability and validity","volume":"23","author":"Usui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04323-7","article-title":"Performance of the American College of Rheumatology 2016 criteria for fibromyalgia in a referral care setting","volume":"39","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39213","article-title":"In clinical practice, the term \u201ccentral sensitivity score\u201d is more useful than the term \u201cpolysymptomatic distress scale\u201d: Comment on the editorial by Wolfe","volume":"67","author":"Littlejohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141519","article-title":"The use of polysymptomatic distress categories in the evaluation of fibromyalgia (FM) and FM severity","volume":"42","author":"Wolfe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3074-3","article-title":"Convergence between the 1990 and 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria and validation of the Spanish version of the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ)","volume":"35","author":"Arias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4user, W., Jung, E., Erbsl\u00f6h-M\u00f6ller, B., Gesmann, M., K\u00fchn-Becker, H., Petermann, F., Langhorst, J., Weiss, T., Winkelmann, A., and Wolfe, F. (2012). Validation of the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire within a cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037504"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3340-z","article-title":"Validation of fibromyalgia survey questionnaire and polysymptomatic distress scale in a Persian population","volume":"35","author":"Bidari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"S26","article-title":"Subgroups of fibromyalgia patients using the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria and the modified 2010 preliminary diagnostic criteria: The al-\u00c1ndalus project","volume":"34","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galvez-S\u00e1nchez, C.M., de la Coba, P., Duschek, S., and Reyes del Paso, G.A. (2020). Reliability, factor structure and predictive validity of the Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity scales of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria of fibromyalgia. Pain Med., Under review.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082460"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex302","article-title":"Adaptation profiles comprising objective and subjective measures in fibromyalgia: The al-\u00c1ndalus project","volume":"56","author":"Aparicio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.2.234","article-title":"Health complaints, stress and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity","volume":"96","author":"Watson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31819e0a8b","article-title":"Daily affect relations in fibromyalgia patients reveal positive affective disturbance","volume":"71","author":"Finan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00036-6","article-title":"Evoked pain measures in fibromyalgia","volume":"17","author":"Gracely","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"568","article-title":"The prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general population: A comparison of the American College of Rheumatology 1990, 2010, and modified 2010 classification criteria","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfe, F., Walitt, B., Perrot, S., Rasker, J.J., and H\u00e4user, W. (2018). Fibromyalgia diagnosis and biased assessment: Sex, prevalence and bias. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203755"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.1006","article-title":"The problematic nature of Fibromyalgia diagnosis in the community","volume":"1","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20358","article-title":"Preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia should be partially revised: Comment on the article by Wolfe et al","volume":"63","author":"Toda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"90","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome: Under-, over- and misdiagnosis","volume":"37","author":"Fitzcharles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walitt, B., Nahin, R.L., Katz, R.S., Bergman, M.J., and Wolfe, F. (2015). The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138024"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walitt, B., Katz, R.S., Bergman, M.J., and Wolfe, F. (2016). Three-quarters of persons in the US population reporting a clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia do not satisfy fibromyalgia criteria: The 2012 National Health Interview Survey. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157235"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01814.x","article-title":"Disease mongering: Expanding the boundaries of treatable disease","volume":"38","author":"Doran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001632","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001632","article-title":"What is a disease? Perspectives of the public, health professionals and legislators","volume":"2","author":"Tikkinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23731","article-title":"Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia: Disagreement between Fibromyalgia Criteria and Clinician-Based Fibromyalgia Diagnosis in a University Clinic","volume":"71","author":"Wolfe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx271","article-title":"A survey of physicians\u2019 knowledge and adherence to the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia","volume":"9","author":"Kumbhare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330127169","article-title":"Transitions experienced by women with fibromyalgia","volume":"22","author":"Lundman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201807","article-title":"Measurement invariance of the Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I) across language, rheumatic disease and gender","volume":"73","author":"Kool","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24922","article-title":"Understanding the lack of understanding: Invalidation from the perspective of the patient with fibromyalgia","volume":"61","author":"Kool","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.10.008","article-title":"AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia","volume":"20","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.02.003","article-title":"Response to Wolfe. Letter to the Editor, \u201cFibromyalgia Criteria\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.02.002","article-title":"Letter to the editor, \u201cFibromyalgia Criteria\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Wolfe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de la Coba, P., Bruehl, S., and Reyes del Paso, G.A. (2019). Addition of slowly repeated evoked pain responses to clinical symptoms enhances fibromyalgia diagnostic accuracy. Pain Med.","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz346"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/4\/1219\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:23:37Z","timestamp":1760361817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/4\/1219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9041219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9041219","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]}}}