{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:50:00Z","timestamp":1783648200446,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Serotonin-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (5-HT-secreting pNETs) are very rare, and characterised by high urinary 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) levels (or high serum 5-HT levels). Methods: Patients with 5-HT-secreting pancreatic neoplasms observed in our unit (1986\u20132015) were included. Diagnosis was based on urinary 5-HIAA or serum 5-HT levels. Results: Seven patients were enrolled (4 M\/3 F), with a median age of 64 (range 38\u201369) years. Two patients had a carcinoid syndrome. Serum 5-HT was elevated in four patients. Urinary 5-HIAA levels were positive in six patients. The median tumour size was 4.0 (range 2.5\u201310) cm. All patients showed liver metastases at diagnosis. None underwent resective surgery; lymph node\/liver biopsies were taken. Six lesions were well-differentiated tumours and one a poorly differentiated carcinoma (Ki67 range 3.4\u201370%). All but one patient received chemotherapy. Four patients received somatostatin analogues; three patients underwent ablation of liver metastases. One patient is alive with disease 117 months after observation. All the others died from disease progression after a follow-up within 158 months. Conclusions: Primary 5-HT-secreting pNETs are mostly metastatic to the liver; patients are not amenable to resective surgery. Despite high 5-HIAA urinary levels, few patients present with carcinoid syndrome. A five-year survival rate of 42.9% may be achieved with multimodal treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T04:46:07Z","timestamp":1588826767000},"page":"1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Serotonin-Secreting Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Pancreas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3042-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Caterina","family":"Milanetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic and Endocrine Digestive Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6515-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Fassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic and Endocrine Digestive Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic and Endocrine Digestive Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)90951-6","article-title":"The classification of carcinoid tumors","volume":"1","author":"Williams","year":"1963","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Modlin, I.M. 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