{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:12:11Z","timestamp":1772115131464,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18CIII\/00020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18CIII\/00020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18CIII\/00047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18CIII\/00047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17CIII\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17CIII\/00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16CIII\/0002\/0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16CIII\/0002\/0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection predisposes patients to other infectious diseases, such as sepsis. We aimed to analyze epidemiological trends of sepsis-related admissions, deaths, and costs in hospital admissions with chronic hepatitis C who had a hospital admission in Spain. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all hospitalizations involving chronic hepatitis C in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) between 2000 and 2015. This period was divided into four calendar periods (2000\u20132004, 2005\u20132007, 2008\u20132011, and 2012\u20132015). Results: We selected 868,523 hospital admissions of patients with chronic hepatitis C over 16 years in the Spanish MBDS. Among them, we found 70,976 (8.17%) hospital admissions of patients who developed sepsis, of which 13,915 (19.61%) died during admission. We found an upward trend, from 2000\u20132003 to 2012\u20132015, in the rate of sepsis-related admission (from 6.18% to 10.64%; p &lt; 0.001), the risk of sepsis-related admission (from 1.31 to 1.55; p &lt; 0.001), and the sepsis-related cost per hospital admission (from 7198\u20ac to above 9497\u20ac; p &lt; 0.001). However, we found a downward trend during the same study period in the sepsis case-fatality rate (from 21.99% to 18.16%; p &lt; 0.001), the risk of sepsis-related death (from 0.81 to 0.56; p &lt; 0.001), and the length of hospital stay (LOHS) (from 16.9 to 13.9; p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the rate of bacterial Gram-positive and candidiasis infections decreased, while Gram-negative microorganisms increased from 2000\u20132003 to 2012\u20132015. Conclusions: Sepsis, in chronic hepatitis C patients admitted to the hospital, has increased the period 2000\u20132015 and has been an increasing burden for the Spanish public health system. However, there has also been a significant reduction in lethality and LOHS during the study period. In addition, the most prevalent specific microorganisms have also changed in this period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:44:02Z","timestamp":1590713042000},"page":"1607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiological Trend of Sepsis in Patients with Hospital Admissions Related to Hepatitis C in Spain (2000\u20132015): A Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Alvaro-Meca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine &amp; Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Alcorc\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Mat\u00e9-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reference and Research in Viral Hepatitis, National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 282220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Center \u201cEnsanche de Vallecas\u201d, SERMAS, 28051 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Briz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reference and Research in Viral Hepatitis, National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 282220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Resino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reference and Research in Viral Hepatitis, National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 282220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018, December 10). 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