{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:57:36Z","timestamp":1793404656165,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) represent one of the most frequent and disabling morbidities of longstanding diabetes; therefore, early diagnosis is mandatory. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of white blood cell scintigraphy (WBC), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography ((18F) FDG PET\/CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected DFI. Images and clinical data from 251 patients enrolled by five centers were collected in order to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of WBC, FDG, and MRI in diagnosing osteomyelitis (OM), soft-tissue infection (STI), and Charcot osteoarthropathy. In OM, WBC acquired following the European Society of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) guidelines was more specific and accurate than MRI (91.9% vs. 70.7%, p &lt; 0.0001 and 86.2% vs. 67.1%, p = 0.003, respectively). In STI, both FDG and WBC achieved a significantly higher specificity than MRI (97.9% and 95.7% vs. 83.6%, p = 0.04 and p = 0.018, respectively). In Charcot, both MRI and WBC demonstrated a significantly higher specificity and accuracy than FDG (88.2% and 89.3% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.0009; 80.3% and 87.9% vs. 62.1%, p &lt; 0.02, respectively). Moreover, in Charcot, WBC was more specific than MRI (89.3% vs. 88.2% p &lt; 0.0001). Given the limitations of a retrospective study, WBC using EANM guidelines was shown to be the most reliable imaging modality to differentiate between OM, STI, and Charcot in patients with suspected DFI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"1645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Comparison of White Blood Cell Scintigraphy, FDG PET\/CT and MRI in Suspected Diabetic Foot Infection: Results of a Large Retrospective Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0314-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Lauri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andor W.J.M.","family":"Glaudemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Campagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohar","family":"Keidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, 3109601 Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5672-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Muchnik Kurash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, 3109601 Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamata","family":"Georga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Arsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2725-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edel","family":"Noriega-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Argento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Kwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riemer H.J.A.","family":"Slart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Signore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis346","article-title":"2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections","volume":"54","author":"Lipsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/6\/1645\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:34:09Z","timestamp":1760175249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/6\/1645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9061645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9061645","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]]}}}