{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:35:58Z","timestamp":1790328958278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Italian Worker's Compensation Authority","award":["12010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12010"]}]},{"name":"Sensor Regione Campania","award":["23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23"]}]},{"name":"Goodwater Regione Campania","award":["POR Campania FESR 2014\/2020 O.S. 1.1 Az.1.1.3 e 1.1.4 CUP B63D18000150007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POR Campania FESR 2014\/2020 O.S. 1.1 Az.1.1.3 e 1.1.4 CUP B63D18000150007"]}]},{"name":"Regione Campania POR FESR 2014-2020-Projects","award":["RARE PLATNET, SATIN and COEPICA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RARE PLATNET, SATIN and COEPICA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid hormones (THs) exert pleiotropic effects in different mammalian organs, including gonads. Genetic and non-genetic factors, such as ageing and environmental stressors (e.g., low-iodine intake, exposure to endocrine disruptors, etc.), can alter T4\/T3 synthesis by the thyroid. In any case, peripheral T3, controlled by tissue-specific enzymes (deiodinases), receptors and transporters, ensures organ homeostasis. Conflicting reports suggest that both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, assessed by mean of circulating T4, T3 and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), could affect the functionality of the ovarian reserve determining infertility. The relationship between ovarian T3 level and functional ovarian reserve (FOR) is poorly understood despite that the modifications of local T3 metabolism and signalling have been associated with dysfunctions of several organs. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of TH signalling and its crosstalk with other pathways in controlling the physiological and premature ovarian ageing and, finally, in preserving FOR. We will consider separately the reports describing the effects of circulating and local THs on the ovarian health to elucidate their role in ovarian dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Thyroid Hormones and Functional Ovarian Reserve: Systemic vs. Peripheral Dysfunctions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Colella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via De Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy"},{"name":"IRGS, Biogem-Scarl, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danila","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Giacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via De Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Mallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0009-8725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"De Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"IEOS-CNR, Via Pansini 6, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3954-8842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concetta","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via De Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy"},{"name":"IRGS, Biogem-Scarl, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy"},{"name":"IEOS-CNR, Via Pansini 6, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2015.00308","article-title":"Genetics of the ovarian reserve","volume":"6","author":"Pelosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev089","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity, hypothyroidism and ovarian reserve: A cross-sectional study of 5000 women based on age-specific AMH values","volume":"30","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. 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