{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:53:00Z","timestamp":1787068380166,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal microcirculation shares similar features with cerebral small blood vessels. Thus, the retina may be considered an accessible \u2018window\u2019 to detect the microvascular damage occurring in the setting of neurodegenerative disorders. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a non-invasive imaging modality providing depth resolved images of blood flow in the retina, choroid, and optic nerve. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the application of OCT-A in glaucoma and central nervous system conditions such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Future directions aiming at evaluating whether OCT-A can be an additional biomarker for the early diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative disorders are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1591157529000},"page":"1706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Neurodegenerative Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6419-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9346-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Vagge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Eye Clinic, DINOGMI, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ferro Desideri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Eye Clinic, DINOGMI, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Bernabei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7681-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacinto","family":"Triolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Fatebenefratelli and Ophthalmic Hospital, ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 63631 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Mastropasqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6951-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Del Noce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Eye Clinic, DINOGMI, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Sacconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1984-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Iovino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Zazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Forlini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Domus Nova Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale dello Stato della Repubblica di San Marino, 47893 Citt\u00e0 di San Marino, San Marino"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giannaccare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a008391","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008391","article-title":"Eye development and retinogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Heavner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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