{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:54:14Z","timestamp":1760237654992,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of death in women. Walking speed (WS) is strongly related with mortality and CVD. The rate of all-cause hospitalization or death was assessed in 290 female outpatients with CVD after participation in a cardiac rehabilitation\/secondary prevention program (CR\/SP) and associated with the WS maintained during a moderate 1 km treadmill-walk. Three-year mortality rates were 57%, 44%, and 29% for the slow (2.1 \u00b1 0.4 km\/h), moderate (3.1 \u00b1 0.3 km\/h), and fast (4.3 \u00b1 0.6 km\/h) walkers, respectively, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.78 (p = 0.24) and 0.55 (p = 0.03) for moderate and fast walkers compared to the slow walkers. In addition, hospitalization or death was examined four to six years after enrollment as a function of the change in the WS of 176 patients re-assessed during the third year after baseline. The rates of hospitalization or death were higher across tertiles of reduced WS, with 35%, 50%, and 53% for the high (1.5 \u00b1 0.3 km\/h), intermediate (0.7 \u00b1 0.2 km\/h), and low tertiles (0.2 \u00b1 0.2 km\/h). Adjusted HRs were 0.79 (p = 0.38) for the intermediate and 0.47 (p = 0.02) for the high tertile compared to the low improvement tertile. Improved walking speed was associated with a graded decrease in hospitalization or death from any cause in women undergoing CR\/SP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T06:34:16Z","timestamp":1591684456000},"page":"1755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of Improvement in Walking Speed on Hospitalization and Mortality in Females with Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Grazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Mazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"Stanford Medical School, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9895-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biagio","family":"Sassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery &amp; Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Emergency, Division of Cardiology, Cento SS.ma Annunziata Hospital, 44121 AUSL Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pasanisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Division of Cardiology, \u201cDelta\u201d Hospital, AUSL Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Guerzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Statistics Unit, University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Statistics Unit, University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pizzolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Zerbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Masotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8569-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Mandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Raisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Chiaranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorship for Public Health and Integration Policy, Emilia-Romagna Region, 40133 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Public Health Department, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025303","article-title":"Improving the Cardiovascular Health of Women in the Nation. 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