{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:40:51Z","timestamp":1776444051507,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH 090 553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH 090 553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies have provided new data on the teratogenicity of lithium. Less is known about the risk of miscarriage after lithium use during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lithium use during pregnancy and miscarriage. Participants were women with bipolar I disorder and one or more pregnancies, of which information on medication use and pregnancy outcome was available (n = 443). The unadjusted odds ratios for miscarriage after lithium use during pregnancy was calculated. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio, adjusted for the age at conception and the clustering of pregnancies per woman. Miscarriages occurred in 20.8% of the lithium-exposed pregnancies (16\/77), compared with 10.9% of the unexposed pregnancies (40\/366) (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.13\u20134.06). The adjusted odds ratio of miscarriage after lithium use during pregnancy was 2.94 (95% CI: 1.39\u20136.22). Lithium use during pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:50:49Z","timestamp":1592268649000},"page":"1819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Lithium Use during Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline M. P.","family":"Poels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4455-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid M.","family":"Kamperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Vreeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janneke","family":"Gilden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6163-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco P.","family":"Boks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht Medical Center, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 S.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roel A.","family":"Ophoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Bergink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15010124","article-title":"Risk of postpartum relapse in bipolar disorder and postpartum psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"173","author":"Wesseloo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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