{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:50:05Z","timestamp":1790869805062,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III - European Union ERDF Funds","award":["PI16\/00382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/00382"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The main objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN). Methods: Eight participants received active DBS to the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) or nucleus accumbens (NAcc) depending on comorbidities (affective or anxiety disorders, respectively) and type of AN. The primary outcome measure was body mass index (BMI). Results: Overall, we found no significant difference (p = 0.84) between mean preoperative and postoperative (month 6) BMI. A BMI reference value (BMI-RV) was calculated. In patients that received preoperative inpatient care to raise the BMI, the BMI-RV was defined as the mean BMI value in the 12 months prior to surgery. In patients that did not require inpatient care, the BMI-RV was defined as the mean BMI in the 3-month period before surgery. This value was compared to the postoperative BMI (month 6), revealing a significant increase (p = 0.02). After 6 months of DBS, five participants showed an increase of \u226510% in the BMI-RV. Quality of life was improved (p = 0.03). Three cases presented cutaneous complications. Conclusion: DBS may be effective for some patients with severe AN. Cutaneous complications were observed. Longer term data are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T07:14:19Z","timestamp":1592982859000},"page":"1946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A Randomized Trial of Deep Brain Stimulation to the Subcallosal Cingulate and Nucleus Accumbens in Patients with Treatment-Refractory, Chronic, and Severe Anorexia Nervosa: Initial Results at 6 Months of Follow Up"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gloria","family":"Villalba Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5950-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azucena","family":"Justicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purificaci\u00f3n","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Gin\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Guardiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cedr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Polo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Delgado-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Manero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Conesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Faus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITA, Mental Health Specialists, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITA, Mental Health Specialists, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Elices","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5825-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000228759.95237.78","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders","volume":"19","author":"Hoek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. 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