{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:17Z","timestamp":1787028677001,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Heart Failure (HF), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, represents a relevant trigger for the development of frailty in the elderly. Inflammation has been reported to play an important role in HF and frailty pathophysiology. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), whose levels increase with aging, exerts a relevant activity in the processes of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of Galectin-3 to serve as a biomarker of frailty in HF patients. Methods: 128 consecutive patients aged 65 and older with the diagnosis of systolic HF underwent a frailty assessment and blood sample collection for serum Gal-3 detection. A multivariable regression analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to identify significant predictors of frailty. Results: Frailty was present in 42.2% of patients. Age: Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.29; 95% Confidence Interval CI (CI) = 1.03\u201310.55, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale Comorbidity Index (CIRS-CI): OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.03\u20133.32, C-Reactive phase Protein (CRP) OR = 3.73; 95% CI = 1.24\u201311.22, N-terminal-pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP): OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.21\u20134.72 and Gal-3: OR = 5.64; 95% CI = 1.97\u201316.22 resulted in being significantly and independently associated with frailty. The DCA demonstrated that the addition of Gal-3 in the prognostic model resulted in an improved clinical \u2018net\u2019 benefit. Conclusions: Circulating levels of Gal-3 are independently associated with frailty in elderly patients with systolic HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"2229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Impact of Galectin-3 Circulating Levels on Frailty in Elderly Patients with Systolic Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Klara","family":"Komici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 1, 8610 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Gnemmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 28010 Veruno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9575-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Bencivenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino Franco","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica San Michele, Via Appia 187, Maddaloni, 81024 CE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Rengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Societ\u00e0 Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, 82037 BN, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3479-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 28010 Veruno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermanno","family":"Eleuteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 28010 Veruno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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