{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T20:20:24Z","timestamp":1773346824529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women who carried twin pregnancies and received vaginal progesterone. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 203 out of 1686 women with twin pregnancies received natural progesterone (200 mg\/day between gestational weeks 16 + 0 and 36 + 0) vaginally for \u2265 4 weeks. The control group consisted of 1483 women with twin pregnancies without progesterone administration. Pearson\u2019s Chi squared test, Fisher\u2019s exact test, and Student\u2019s t-test was used to compare differences between the control and the progesterone-treated groups. A multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to assess relative independent associations on the dependent outcome of GDM incidence. Results: Vaginal progesterone treatment in twin pregnancies had no significant influence on developing GDM (p = 0.662). Higher pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.1; p &lt; 0.001), GDM in previous pregnancy (OR 6.0; p &lt; 0.001), and smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.6; p = 0.014) posed an increased risk for developing GDM. Conclusion: In twin pregnancies, the use of vaginal progesterone for the prevention of recurrent preterm delivery was not associated with an increased risk of GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T03:23:16Z","timestamp":1595388196000},"page":"2249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vaginal Progesterone Has No Diabetogenic Potential in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Case-Control Study on 1686 Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Klara","family":"Rosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Al-Bibawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Al-Bibawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Temsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Statistic and Informatic and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aniko","family":"Somogyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2761-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03541.x","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus in Europe: Prevalence, current screening practice and barriers to screening. 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