{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:18:54Z","timestamp":1790457534153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010653","name":"Masarykova Univerzita","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUNI\/A\/0947\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/0947\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of cases of oral cavity inflammation in the population has been recently increasing, with periodontitis being the most common disease. It is caused by a change in the microbial composition of the biofilm in the periodontal pockets. In this context, an increased incidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the oral cavity has been found, which are a part of the common microbiome of the mouth. This work is devoted to the description of the diversity of SRB isolated from the oral cavity. It also deals with the general description of periodontitis in terms of manifestations and origin. It describes the ability of SRB to participate in its development, although their effect on periodontal inflammation is not fully understood. The production of hydrogen sulfide as a cytochrome oxidase inhibitor may play a role in the etiology. A meta-analysis was conducted based on studies of the occurrence of SRB in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T11:26:01Z","timestamp":1595503561000},"page":"2347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria of the Oral Cavity and Their Relation with Periodontitis\u2014Recent Advances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Kushkevych","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753\/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159. 1946\/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Coufalov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753\/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0999-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753\/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon K.-M. R.","family":"Rittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Archaea Physiology &amp; Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universit\u00e4t Wien, Althanstra\u00dfe 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00118","article-title":"Oral inflammatory diseases and systemic inflammation: Role of the macrophage","volume":"3","author":"Hasturk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c2639","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2639","article-title":"Evaluation of oral ulceration in primary care","volume":"340","author":"Paleri","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1995.tb00156.x","article-title":"Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in the Periodontal Pocket","volume":"10","author":"Schaeken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-3-1035","article-title":"Isolation of Desulfomicrobium orale sp. Nov. and Desulfovibrio Strain NY682, Oral Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Involved in Human Periodontal Disease","volume":"51","author":"Langendijk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-019-01625-z","article-title":"Toxicity of hydrogen sulfide toward sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7","volume":"201","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushkevych, I., Dordevi\u0107, D., Kollar, P., V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M., and Drago, L. (2019). Hydrogen Sulfide as a Toxic Product in the Small\u2013Large Intestine Axis and its Role in IBD Development. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071054"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushkevych, I., Kotrsov\u00e1, V., Dordevi\u0107, D., Bu\u0148kov\u00e1, L., V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M., and Amedei, A. (2019). Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on the Survival of Lactobacilli with Emphasis on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120752"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jab.2018.01.004","article-title":"Effect of selected 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxanilides on viability and sulfate metabolism of Desulfovibrio piger","volume":"16","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"106","article-title":"Activity of selected salicylamides against intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"36","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2015-016","article-title":"Kinetic Properties of Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase of Intestinal Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 and Desulfomicrobium sp. Rod-9","volume":"64","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2754\/avb201585010003","article-title":"Activity of Na+\/K+-activated Mg2+-dependent ATP hydrolase in the cell-free extracts of the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 and Desulfomicrobium sp. Rod-9","volume":"84","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Brno"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Activity and kinetic properties of phosphotransacetylase from intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"62","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biochem. Pol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2009.01144.x","article-title":"Periodontal disease and systemic health: Current status","volume":"54","author":"Cullinan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"30","article-title":"The effects of oral health on systemic health","volume":"65","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"87","article-title":"Dental plaque biofilm in oral health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.32","article-title":"Periodontitis","volume":"4","author":"Flemmig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushkevych, I., Cejnar, J., Treml, J., Dordevi\u0107, D., Kollar, P., and V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M. (2020). Recent Advances in Metabolic Pathways of Sulfate Reduction in Intestinal Bacteria. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030698"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide toxicity in the gut environment: Meta-analysis of sulfate-reducing and lactic acid bacteria in inflammatory processes","volume":"25","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Possible synergy effect of hydrogen sulfide and acetate produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria on inflammatory bowel disease development","volume":"25","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-018-1510-6","article-title":"The diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the seven bioreactors","volume":"200","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"55","article-title":"ATP sulfurylase activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from various ecotopes","volume":"10","author":"Abdulina","year":"2020","journal-title":"3Biotech"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jab.2016.01.005","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect of salicylamide derivatives against intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-017-2067-7","article-title":"Activity of ring-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxanilides against intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio piger","volume":"27","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cern\u00fd, M., V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M., V\u00edt\u011bz, T., Barto\u0161, M., and Kushkevych, I. (2018). Variation in the distribution of hydrogen producers from the clostridiales order in biogas reactors depending on different input substrates. Energies, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/en11123270"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phylogeny of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria","volume":"31","author":"Castro","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-003-0320-0","article-title":"A Novel Lineage of Sulfate-Reducing Microorganisms: Thermodesulfobiaceae fam. nov., Thermodesulfobium narugense, gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Thermophilic Isolate from a Hot Spring","volume":"7","author":"Mori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Postgate, J.R. (1984). The Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria, Cambridge University Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2017-0009","article-title":"Production of biogas: Relationship between methanogenic and sulfate-reducing microorganisms","volume":"12","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2018-0017","article-title":"A new combination of substrates: Biogas production and diversity of the methanogenic microorganisms","volume":"13","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302X.2002.170510.x","article-title":"Isolation of the Provisionally Named Desulfovibrio Fairfieldensis from Human Periodontal Pockets","volume":"17","author":"Loubinoux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01861-07","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Three Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Groups, Methanogenic Archaea, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, and Acetogenic Bacteria, within Plaque Biofilms Associated with Human Periodontal Disease","volume":"190","author":"Vianna","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brenner, D.J., Krieg, N.R., Staley, J.T., and Garrity, G.M. (2005). Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. Bergey\u2019s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Springer. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-29298-5"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg, E., Delong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., and Thompson, F. (2014). The Prokaryotes. Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, Springer. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39044-9"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Barton, L.L., and Hamilton, W.A. (2010). Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria: Environmental and Engineered Systems, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushkevych, I., Le\u0161\u010danov\u00e1, O., Dordevi\u0107, D., Jan\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1, S., Ho\u0161ek, J., V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M., Bu\u0148kov\u00e1, L., and Drago, L. (2019). The Sulfate-Reducing Microbial Communities and Meta-Analysis of Their Occurrence during Diseases of Small\u2013Large Intestine Axis. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101656"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-018-0118-2","article-title":"Cross-correlation analysis of the Desulfovibrio growth parameters of intestinal species isolated from people with colitis","volume":"73","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2019-0010","article-title":"Analysis of pH dose-dependent growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2752-2754.2003","article-title":"Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans Bacteremia and Review of Human Desulfovibrio Infections","volume":"41","author":"Goldstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129982","article-title":"Biochemical Studies on Sulfate-reducing Bacteria: XI. Purification and Some Properties of Sulfite Reductase, Desulfoviridin","volume":"72","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Gilbert, D. (2004, April 30). New Tools at DOE\u2019s Genomics Jamboree, Available online: https:\/\/www2.lbl.gov\/Publications\/Currents\/Archive\/Apr-30-2004.html."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Reclassification of the Only Species of the Genus Desulfomonas, Desulfomonas Pigra, as Desulfovibrio Piger","volume":"52","author":"Loubinoux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comb. Nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2018-0052","article-title":"Metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from rodents with colitis","volume":"13","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2754\/avb201786040405","article-title":"Kinetic properties of growth of intestinal sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from healthy mice and mice with ulcerative colitis","volume":"86","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Brno"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1\u010d, J., and Kushkevych, I. (2019, January 6\u20137). New modification of cultivation medium for isolation and growth of intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. Proceedings of the International PhD Students Conference Mendel Net, Brno, Czech Republic."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260906.x","article-title":"Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Periodontal Pockets and in Healthy Oral Sites","volume":"26","author":"Langendijk","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07591.x","article-title":"Growth, Incidence and Activities of Dissimilatory Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in the Human Oral Cavity","volume":"129","author":"Willis","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-006-0039-9","article-title":"Desulfomicrobium thermophilum sp. Nov., a Novel Thermophilic Sulphate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from a Terrestrial Hot Spring in Colombia","volume":"11","author":"Thevenieau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406470","article-title":"Studies on Dissimilatory Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria That Decompose Fatty Acids","volume":"129","author":"Widdel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus Report of Workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and PeriImplant Diseases and Conditions: Classification and Case Definitions for Periodontitis","volume":"89","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.727-752.2001","article-title":"Periodontal Disease as a Specific, Albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"14","author":"Loesche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.865","article-title":"The Oral Microbiome\u2014An Update for Oral Healthcare Professionals","volume":"221","author":"Kilian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00542-10","article-title":"The Human Oral Micro-biome","volume":"192","author":"Dewhirst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12502","article-title":"Oral Cavity Contains Distinct Niches with Dynamic Microbial Communities: Oral Microbiome Differs by Age and Location","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302519","article-title":"Quorum Sensing and Bacterial Social Interactions in Biofilms","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5897\/JDOH2014.0127","article-title":"Oral Bacterial Interactions in Periodontal Health and Disease","volume":"6","author":"Darout","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Oral Hyg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00020.x","article-title":"Microbial Etiological Agents of Destructive Periodontal Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Haffajee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x","article-title":"Microbial Complexes in Subgingival Plaque","volume":"25","author":"Socransky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00411.x","article-title":"Microbial Complexes in Supragingival Plaque","volume":"23","author":"Haffajee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"568","article-title":"An Abstract of a Letter from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Sep. 12, 1683. about Animals in the Scrurf of the Te-eth","volume":"14","year":"1684","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosier, B.T., De Jager, M., Zaura, E., and Krom, B.P. (2014). Historical and Contemporary Hypotheses on the Development of Oral Diseases: Are We There Yet?. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00092"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Miller, W.D. (1890). Microorganisms of the Human Mouth, S. S. White and Co."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01425.x","article-title":"The Non-specific Theory in Microbial Etiology of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Theilade","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345700490020501","article-title":"Are Periodontal Pathoses Caused by Bacterial Infections on Cervicoradicular Surfaces of Teeth?","volume":"49","author":"Keyes","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"65","article-title":"Chemotherapy of Dental Plaque Infections","volume":"9","author":"Loesche","year":"1976","journal-title":"Oral Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374940080022001","article-title":"Microbial Ecology of Dental Plaque and Its Significance in Health and Disease","volume":"8","author":"Marsh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01673.x","article-title":"How Is the Development of Dental Bio-films Influenced by the Host? Host Influence on Biofilm Development","volume":"38","author":"Marsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","article-title":"The Keystone-Pathogen Hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.174","article-title":"The Subgingival Microbiome in Health and Periodontitis and Its Relationship with Community Biomass and Inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Abusleme","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01681.x","article-title":"Periodontal Infections: Understanding the Complexity-Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology: Periodontal Infections: Understanding the Complexity","volume":"38","author":"Sanz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2337","article-title":"Periodontitis: A Polymicrobial Disruption of Host Homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Darveau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080183","article-title":"Cytokines That Promote Periodontal Tissue Destruction","volume":"79","author":"Graves","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00185.x","article-title":"Roles of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-?B Ligand (RAN-KL) and Osteoprotegerin in Periodontal Health and Disease","volume":"43","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1","article-title":"Development of a Classification System for Periodontal Diseases and Conditions","volume":"4","author":"Armitage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2009.01140.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and Classification of Periodontal Disease","volume":"54","author":"Highfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"10","article-title":"Nov\u00e1 klasifikace parodont\u00e1ln\u00edch a periimpl\u00e1nt\u00e1tov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed","volume":"29","author":"Starosta","year":"2019","journal-title":"LKS \u010casopis \u010ces. Stomatol. Komory"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12935","article-title":"A New Classification Scheme for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions\u2014Introduction and Key Changes from the 1999 Classification","volume":"45","author":"Caton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513490168","article-title":"Global Burden of Oral Conditions in 1990\u20132010: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"92","author":"Marcenes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Petersen, P.E., Bourgeois, D., Ogawa, H., Estupinan-Day, S., and Ndiaye, C. (2005). The Global Burden of Oral Diseases and Risks to Oral Health. Bull. World Health Organ., 9."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Starosta, M., and Ad\u00e1mkov\u00e1, H. (2002). Repetitorium Parodontologie, Univerzita Palack\u00e9ho."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1139\/w02-104","article-title":"Activity of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Human Periodontal Pocket","volume":"48","author":"Boopathy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2000.027012943.x","article-title":"Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Association with Human Periodontitis","volume":"27","author":"Langendijk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800070801","article-title":"Decrease of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria after Initial Periodontal Treatment","volume":"80","author":"Hanssen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Relation with Other Potential Periodontal Pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Grimm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.931-934.2000","article-title":"Bacteremia Caused by a Strain of Desulfovibrio Related to the Provisionally Named Desulfovibrio Fairfieldensis","volume":"38","author":"Loubinoux","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-002-3930-3","article-title":"Growth and Activities of Sulfate-Reducing and Methanogenic Bacteria in Human Oral Cavity","volume":"47","author":"Robichaux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389609388489","article-title":"Sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"26","author":"Hao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00081","article-title":"Metabolic flexibility of sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Plugge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC94.066069","article-title":"Possible methods for evaluation of hydrogen sulfide toxicity against lactic acid bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2018-0057","article-title":"Analysis of physiological parameters of Desulfovibrio strains from individuals with colitis","volume":"13","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushkevych, I., Abdulina, D., Kov\u00e1\u010d, J., Dordevi\u0107, D., V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M., Iutynska, G., and Rittmann, S.K.M. (2020). Adenosine-5\u2032-Phosphosulfate-and Sulfite Reductases Activities of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria from Various Environments. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10060921"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushkevych, I., Castro Sangrador, J., Dordevi\u0107, D., Rozehnalov\u00e1, M., \u010cern\u00fd, M., Fafula, R., V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M., and Rittmann, S.K.M. (2020). Evaluation of Physiological Parameters of Intestinal Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Patients Suffering from IBD and Healthy People. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061920"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1006\/jfca.1993.1016","article-title":"The Sulfate Content of Foods and Beverages","volume":"6","author":"Florin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G143","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00249.2017","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide: An Agent of Stability at the Microbiome-Mucosa Interface","volume":"314","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1159\/000262014","article-title":"Mucin-Sulphatase Activity of Some Oral Streptococci","volume":"28","author":"Smalley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Assessing the Contribution of Anaerobic Microflora of the Tongue to Oral Malodor","volume":"126","author":"Loesche","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1939"},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"309","article-title":"Oral Malodour: An Indicator of Health Status and Oral Cleanliness","volume":"28","author":"Tonzetich","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1139\/o82-076","article-title":"Sulphide as an Inhibitor and Electron Donor for the Cytochrome c Oxidase System","volume":"60","author":"Nicholls","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00641.x","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide and Methyl Mercaptan in Periodontal Pockets","volume":"7","author":"Persson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/30.11.1770","article-title":"Sulfate-Reducing Anaerobic Bacteria in Human Feces","volume":"30","author":"Beerens","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01078.x","article-title":"Effect of Anaerobiosis and Sulfide on Killing of Bacteria by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes","volume":"28","author":"Johansson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.9.2776-2781.1989","article-title":"Activity of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in the Presence of Sulfide","volume":"57","author":"Claesson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2013.770163","article-title":"Detection of Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria in Human Saliva","volume":"71","author":"Heggendorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.15644\/asc48\/2.116","article-title":"Detekcija Bakterija Koje Reduciraju Sulfate i Ostalih Uzgojivih Fakultativnih Bakterija u Zubnim Tkivima","volume":"48","author":"Heggendorn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Stomatol. Croat."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/8\/2347\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:51:04Z","timestamp":1760176264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/8\/2347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9082347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9082347","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]}}}