{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:10:27Z","timestamp":1778505027806,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Women affected by Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) experience better outcomes compared to men. Whether a more pronounced Left Ventricular Reverse Remodelling (LVRR) might explain this is still unknown. Aim. We investigated the relationship between LVRR and sex and its long-term outcomes. Methods. A cohort of 605 DCM patients with available follow-up data was consecutively enrolled. LVRR was defined, at 24-month follow-up evaluation, as an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \u2265 10% or a LVEF &gt; 50% and a decrease \u2265 10% in indexed left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDDi) or an LVEDDi \u2264 33 mm\/m2. Outcome measures were a composite of all-cause mortality\/heart transplantation (HTx) or ventricular assist device (VAD) and a composite of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) or Major Ventricular Arrhythmias (MVA). Results. 181 patients (30%) experienced LVRR. The cumulative incidence of LVRR at 24-months evaluation was comparable between sexes (33% vs. 29%; p = 0.26). During a median follow-up of 149 months, women experiencing LVRR had the lowest rate of main outcome measure (global p = 0.03) with a 71% relative risk reduction compared to men with LVRR, without significant difference between women without LVRR and males. A trend towards the same results was found regarding SCD\/MVA (global p = 0.06). Applying a multi-state model, male sex emerged as an independent adverse prognostic factor even after LVRR completion. Conclusions. Although the rate of LVRR was comparable between sexes, females experiencing LVRR showed the best outcomes in the long term follow up compared to males and females without LVRR. Further studies are advocated to explain this difference in outcomes between sexes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1596111338000},"page":"2426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Sex-Specific Prognostic Implications in Dilated Cardiomyopathy After Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7609-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cannata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences &amp; Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Manca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Nuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Artico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Pio Loco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Ramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Barbati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Merlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Sinagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1103","article-title":"Evolving concepts in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"20","author":"Merlo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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