{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:09:33Z","timestamp":1787850573161,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Even after complete resection, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows preferential recurrence in the mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, brain, bone, liver, and adrenal gland. However, the relationship between clinicopathological factors and recurrence patterns after resection has not been well-evaluated. Among 688 NSCLC cases with complete resection between 2004 and 2016, 233 cases recurred at our institute. On multivariate analyses, NSCLCs with lymph node metastasis and pulmonary metastasis at surgery commonly recurred in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs, respectively. Young age, adenocarcinoma, and vascular invasion were correlated with brain metastasis. Although no variable was associated with bone metastasis, vascular invasion was correlated with postoperative liver and adrenal gland metastasis. Pathologically proven stage II or III NSCLC, adenocarcinoma, and the presence of lymphatic permeation would result in multiple metastases. Vascular invasion, larger invasive size, and advanced stage were independent risk factors of early recurrence. Considering survival, vascular invasion, elderly age, and non-adenocarcinoma were unfavorable prognostic factors after recurrence. Some clinicopathological variables were correlated with organ-specific metastasis and post-recurrence survival. Particularly, vascular invasion was a biomarker of brain, liver, and adrenal gland metastases and a prognostic marker after recurrence among completely resected NSCLC. This information is useful for more frequent patient follow-up and identifying organ-specific distant metastasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T07:45:57Z","timestamp":1596440757000},"page":"2473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Clinicopathological Factors Related to Recurrence Patterns of Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Reiko","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomari","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomichi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Uematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0771-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Shima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsunekazu","family":"Hishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Horio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e754","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30861-6","article-title":"European position statement on lung cancer screening","volume":"18","author":"Oudkerk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.10.009","article-title":"Epidemiology of lung cancer and lung cancer screening programs in China and the United States","volume":"468","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5043","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.4855","article-title":"Adjuvant Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin Compared with Observation in Stage IB Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 9633 with the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study Groups","volume":"26","author":"Strauss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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