{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:55:15Z","timestamp":1791590115598,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to assess the efficacy of biologic therapy in refractory non-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Optic Neuritis (ON), a condition more infrequent, chronic and severe than MS ON. This was an open-label multicenter study of patients with non-MS ON refractory to systemic corticosteroids and at least one conventional immunosuppressive drug. The main outcomes were Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and both Macular Thickness (MT) and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). These outcome variables were assessed at baseline, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after biologic therapy initiation. Remission was defined as the absence of ON symptoms and signs that lasted longer than 24 h, with or without an associated new lesion on magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium contrast agents for at least 3 months. We studied 19 patients (11 women\/8 men; mean age, 34.8 \u00b1 13.9 years). The underlying diseases were Bechet\u2019s disease (n = 5), neuromyelitis optica (n = 3), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 2), sarcoidosis (n = 1), relapsing polychondritis (n = 1) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody -associated vasculitis (n = 1). It was idiopathic in 6 patients. The first biologic agent used in each patient was: adalimumab (n = 6), rituximab (n = 6), infliximab (n = 5) and tocilizumab (n = 2). A second immunosuppressive drug was simultaneously used in 11 patients: methotrexate (n = 11), azathioprine (n = 2), mycophenolate mofetil (n = 1) and hydroxychloroquine (n = 1). Improvement of the main outcomes was observed after 1 year of therapy when compared with baseline data: mean \u00b1 SD BCVA (0.8 \u00b1 0.3 LogMAR vs. 0.6 \u00b1 0.3 LogMAR; p = 0.03), mean \u00b1 SD RNFL (190.5 \u00b1 175.4 \u03bcm vs. 183.4 \u00b1 139.5 \u03bcm; p = 0.02), mean \u00b1 SD MT (270.7 \u00b1 23.2 \u03bcm vs. 369.6 \u00b1 137.4 \u03bcm; p = 0.03). Besides, the median (IQR) prednisone-dose was also reduced from 40 (10\u201361.5) mg\/day at baseline to. 2.5 (0\u20135) mg\/day after one year of follow-up; p = 0.001. After a mean \u00b1 SD follow-up of 35 months, 15 patients (78.9%) achieved ocular remission, and 2 (10.5%) experienced severe adverse events. Biologic therapy is effective in patients with refractory non-MS ON.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T10:56:12Z","timestamp":1597143372000},"page":"2608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biologic Therapy in Refractory Non-Multiple Sclerosis Optic Neuritis Isolated or Associated to Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alba","family":"Herrero-Morant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Reguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Mart\u00edn-Varillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Sierrallana, Barrio Ganzo, s\/n, 39300 Torrelavega, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Calvo-R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Prieto-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Atienza-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Maiz-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Ophtalmology, Hospital de Donostia, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, 117, 20080 Donostia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Ophtalmology, Hospital de Donostia, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, 117, 20080 Donostia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C\/Diego de Le\u00f3n, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7894-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00cd\u00f1igo","family":"R\u00faa-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negr\u00edn, C\/Plaza Barranco de la Ballena, s\/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"C\u00e1ceres-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negr\u00edn, C\/Plaza Barranco de la Ballena, s\/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Ophtalmology, Hospital San Cecilio, Av. del Conocimiento, s\/n, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Callejas-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Ophtalmology, Hospital San Cecilio, Av. del Conocimiento, s\/n, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Ortego-Centeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Ophtalmology, Hospital San Cecilio, Av. del Conocimiento, s\/n, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s\/n, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Romero-Yuste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Loureiro Crespo, 2, 36002 Pontevedra, 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santos","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C\/Diego de Le\u00f3n, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Av. de Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2010.04.009","article-title":"Optic neuritis: A mechanistic view","volume":"18","author":"Burton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060140207023","article-title":"The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial","volume":"106","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. 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