{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:59:10Z","timestamp":1783184350651,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea by the korean government","award":["2018M3A9E8078807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M3A9E8078807"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximately 5% of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) exhibit mild mesangial lesions with acute onset nephrotic syndrome and diffuse foot process effacement representative of minimal change disease (MCD). It is not clear whether these unusual cases of IgAN with MCD (IgAN-MCD) are variant types of IgAN or coincidental deposition of IgA in patients with MCD. In a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 18 hospitals in Korea, we analyzed 46 patients with IgAN-MCD. Patients with endocapillary proliferation, segmental sclerosis, and crescent were excluded, and the clinical features and prognosis of IgAN-MCD were compared with those of pure MCD. In addition, we performed galactose-deficient IgA1 (KM55) staining to characterize IgAN-MCD. Among the 21,697 patients with glomerulonephritis enrolled in the database, 46 patients (0.21%) were diagnosed with IgAN-MCD, and 1610 patients (7.4%) with pure MCD. The 46 patients with IgAN-MCD accounted for 0.6% of primary IgAN patients (n = 7584). There was no difference in prognosis between patients with IgAN-MCD and those with only MCD. IgA and KM55 showed double positivity in all patients with IgAN-MCD (n = 4) or primary IgAN (n = 5) under double immunofluorescent staining. However, in four patients with lupus nephritis, mesangial IgA was deposited, but galactose-deficient-IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) was not. These findings suggest that IgAN-MCD is a dual glomerulopathy in which MCD was superimposed on possibly indolent IgAN. We confirmed by KM55 staining that IgAN-MCD is true IgAN, enabling better characterizations of the disease. Furthermore, IgAN-MCD shows a good prognosis when treated according to the usual MCD treatment modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T09:14:49Z","timestamp":1597223689000},"page":"2619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of IgA Deposition in the Kidney of Patients with IgA Nephropathy and Minimal Change Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Won-Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon-Hwa","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seul-Ki","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Woong","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Hwan","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3497-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang-Gyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Young","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2549-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Jig","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Youn","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Hyun","family":"Jhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Jun","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1412-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bum Soon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020109","article-title":"IgA nephropathy","volume":"347","author":"Donadio","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. 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