{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:10:37Z","timestamp":1760238637110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The objective of this study was to describe inpatient prevalence, characteristics, outcomes, and resource use for acute salicylate intoxication hospitalizations in the United States. Methods: A total of 13,805 admissions with a primary diagnosis of salicylate intoxication from 2003 to 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample database were analyzed. Prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The overall inpatient prevalence of salicylate intoxication among hospitalized patients was 147.8 cases per 1,000,000 admissions in the United States. The average age was 34 \u00b1 19 years. Of these, 35.0% were male and 65.4% used salicylate for suicidal attempts. Overall, 6% required renal replacement therapy. The most common complications of salicylate intoxication were electrolyte and acid-base disorders, including hypokalemia (25.4%), acidosis (19.1%), and alkalosis (11.1%). Kidney failure (9.3%) was the most common observed organ dysfunction. In-hospital mortality was 1.0%. Increased in-hospital mortality was associated with age \u226530, Asian\/Pacific Islander race, diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, ventricular arrhythmia, kidney failure, respiratory failure, and neurological failure, while decreased in-hospital mortality was associated with African American and Hispanic race. Conclusion: hospitalization for salicylate intoxication occurred in 148 per 1,000,000 admissions in the United States. Several factors were associated with in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1597393715000},"page":"2638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hospitalizations for Acute Salicylate Intoxication in the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Charat","family":"Thongprayoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tananchai","family":"Petnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2920-7235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wisit","family":"Kaewput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1814-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Kovvuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swetha R.","family":"Kanduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boonphiphop","family":"Boonpheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Bathini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saraschandra","family":"Vallabhajosyula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1335-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra I.","family":"Pivovarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himmat S.","family":"Brar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Medaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wisit","family":"Cheungpasitporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2009.07.2041","article-title":"Salicylate intoxication: A clinical review","volume":"121","author":"Pearlman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2019.1677022","article-title":"2018 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers\u2032 National Poison Data System (NPDS): 36th Annual Report","volume":"57","author":"Gummin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2010852","article-title":"Salicylate Toxicity","volume":"382","author":"Palmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(59)90209-8","article-title":"Salicylate intoxication with special reference to the development of hypokalemia","volume":"26","author":"Robin","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., Thirunavukkarasu, S., Petnak, T., Chewcharat, A., Bathini, T., Vallabhajosyula, S., Mao, M.A., and Erickson, S.B. (2020). Serum Potassium Levels at Hospital Discharge and One-Year Mortality among Hospitalized Patients. Medicina (Kaunas), 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56050236"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2020.1729621","article-title":"Risk of respiratory failure among hospitalized patients with various admission serum potassium levels","volume":"48","author":"Thongprayoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hosp Pract (1995)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., Hansrivijit, P., Mao, M.A., Medaura, J., Bathini, T., Chewcharat, A., and Erickson, S.B. (2019). Admission Serum Potassium Levels in Hospitalized Patients and One-Year Mortality. Medicines (Basel), 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines7010002"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx118","article-title":"Impact of admission serum potassium on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease","volume":"110","author":"Cheungpasitporn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.62.5S.873","article-title":"Pathophysiology of aspirin overdosage toxicity, with implications for management","volume":"62","author":"Temple","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1978.03630350019008","article-title":"Acid-base disturbances in the salicylate-intoxicated adult","volume":"138","author":"Gabow","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1271127","article-title":"Acute salicylate poisoning: Risk factors for severe outcome","volume":"55","author":"Shively","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-6-745","article-title":"Unrecognized adult salicylate intoxication","volume":"85","author":"Anderson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.031","article-title":"Extracorporeal Treatment for Salicylate Poisoning: Systematic Review and Recommendations From the EXTRIP Workgroup","volume":"66","author":"Juurlink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"699","article-title":"Adult salicylate poisoning: Deaths and outcome in patients with high plasma salicylate concentrations","volume":"72","author":"Chapman","year":"1989","journal-title":"QJM Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.04.017","article-title":"The association of hemodialysis and survival in intubated salicylate-poisoned patients","volume":"35","author":"McCabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.128","article-title":"Deleterious effects of endotracheal intubation in salicylate poisoning","volume":"41","author":"Greenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198512000-00004","article-title":"Prognosis in acute organ-system failure","volume":"202","author":"Knaus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02514648","article-title":"Prognosis of critically ill patients with multiple organ failure","volume":"8","author":"Yasumoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Anesth."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/8\/2638\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:00:38Z","timestamp":1760176838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/8\/2638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9082638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9082638","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}}}