{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:02:10Z","timestamp":1793754130975,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this case\u2013control study was to evaluate maternal\u2013fetal and neonatal clinical outcomes in a group of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes such as diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and compare them with those of patients without diabetes. A total of 414 pregnant women, nulliparous and multiparous, with single pregnancy were recruited. The selected patients were divided into two groups. Among 207 patients (group cases), 183 had GDM and 24 pregestational diabetes (of which n = 17 diagnosed with DM1 and n = 7 with diagnosis of DM2). Two-hundred-seven patients with a negative pathologic history of GDM, DM1 and DM2 represented the population of controls (group control). We reported an incidence of preterm delivery of 23.2% in the group of cases, of 18.3% in the group of patients with GDM and 66.7% in the group of patients DM1\/2. Fetal growth disorders, such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), small for gestational age (SGA), fetal macrosomia, were detected in four fetuses out of 207 (1.93%) in the control group and 20 fetuses out of 207 in the case group (9.67%, p-value 0.001); of these 16 of 183 fetuses of the GDM group (8.74%, p-value 0.002) and 4 of 24 fetuses of the DM1\/2 group (16.67%, p-value 0.005). A very strong correlation between diabetes mellitus type 1 and preeclampsia (p-value &lt; 0.0001) was observed. Close monitoring of pregnant women with diabetes is recommended to prevent maternal\u2013fetal and neonatal complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1598001711000},"page":"2707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Materno-Fetal and Neonatal Complications of Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5523-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampiero","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Gulotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Tupponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dessole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Pola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Virdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Petrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1362-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Mais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Olzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Sassari University, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Antonucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Sassari University, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5131-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Saderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Cherchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Dessole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sotgiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-6-26","article-title":"Risk assessment does not explain high prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in a large group of Sardinian women","volume":"6","author":"Murgia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. 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