{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:26:32Z","timestamp":1762899992143,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs in healthcare workers (HCW) with Sars-CoV-2. Methods: This was a case-control study. Cases consisted of symptomatic healthcare workers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, while controls were symptomatic healthcare workers with a negative RT-PCR test. For each symptom, ROCs were plotted. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated using the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. A logistic regression analysis was carried out for calculating the OR (95% CI) for each symptom associated to the SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results: We recruited 30 cases and 75 controls. Fever had the best sensitivity while dyspnea, anosmia, and ageusia had the highest specificity. The highest PPVs were found again for dyspnea (75%), anosmia (73.7%), and ageusia (66.7%). Lastly, the highest NPVs were related to anosmia (81.4%) and ageusia (79.3%). Anosmia (OR = 14.75; 95% CI: 4.27\u201350.87), ageusia (OR = 9.18; 95% CI: 2.80\u201330.15), and headache (OR = 3.92; 95% CI: 1.45\u201310.56) are significantly associated to SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Conclusions: Anosmia and ageusia should be considered in addition to the well-established fever, cough, and dyspnea. In a resource-limited setting, this method could save time and money.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T11:24:24Z","timestamp":1599218664000},"page":"2870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Anosmia and Ageusia as Predictive Signs of COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers in Italy: A Prospective Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1233-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"La Torre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0520-8743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Paola","family":"Massetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico Umberto I\u201d, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico Umberto I\u201d, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Fimiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico Umberto I\u201d, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Fantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Marte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Faticoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Maria","family":"Previte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ombretta","family":"Turriziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico Umberto I\u201d, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico Umberto I\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Villari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio Maria","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico Umberto I\u201d, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Covid-19 Sapienza Collaborative Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus 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