{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T06:35:18Z","timestamp":1764570918133,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea","award":["IITP-2020-2018-0-01833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2020-2018-0-01833"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) has been suggested to increase skin cancer risk in white Westerners, there is scant evidence for the same in Asians. We analyzed the association between the use of hydrochlorothiazide and non-melanoma in the Asian population using the common data model. Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted using a distributed research network to analyze the effect of HCTZ on skin cancer from 2004 to 2018. We performed Cox regression to evaluate the effects by comparing the use of HCTZ with other antihypertensive drugs. All analyses were re-evaluated using matched data using the propensity score matching (PSM). Then, the overall effects were evaluated by combining results with the meta-analysis. Results: Positive associations were observed in the use of HCTZ with high cumulative dose for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in univariate analysis prior to the use of PSM. Some negative associations were observed in the use of low and medium cumulative doses. Conclusion: Although many findings in our study were inconclusive, there was a non-significant association of a dose-response pattern with estimates increasing in cumulative dose of HCTZ. In particular, a trend with a non-significant positive association was observed with the high cumulative dose of HCTZ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T22:58:01Z","timestamp":1599778681000},"page":"2910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between Use of Hydrochlorothiazide and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Common Data Model Cohort Study in Asian Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwangsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine &amp; Advanced Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihoon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5002-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sue K.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Convergence Graduate Program in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungji","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology Major, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JiSeon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Health Innovation Big Data Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare ICT Research Center, Office of eHealth Research and Businesses, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-047X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang-Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Jin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00805-3","article-title":"Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"387","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2018.02.003","article-title":"Hypertension: The most important non communicable disease risk factor in India","volume":"70","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e113","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: A report of the American college of Cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13364","article-title":"Potential need for expanded pharmacologic treatment and lifestyle modification services under the 2017 ACC\/AHA Hypertension Guideline","volume":"20","author":"Ritchey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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