{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:33:20Z","timestamp":1784763200527,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology characterized by noncaseating granulomas virtually in every organ and tissue. This finding represents the most important diagnostic clue to reach a correct definition of sarcoidosis, although the biopsy is invasive and has several risk procedures. Several efforts are made to suspect the diagnosis of sarcoidosis by combining noninvasive elements, in particular from imaging, though these findings are often nonspecific and reflect the wide multifactorial pathogenesis. Every effort should be made to obtain a detailed radiological picture that, if associated with a suggestive clinical picture, could avoid the need of biopsy in some specific cases. In this narrative review, we aim to describe main computed tomography (CT) features of pulmonary and abdominal sarcoidosis, by reporting strengths and limits of this technique, in particular for the identification of extrapulmonary, isolated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9093028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T21:20:28Z","timestamp":1600636828000},"page":"3028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["CT Findings in Pulmonary and Abdominal Sarcoidosis. Implications for Diagnosis and Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Tana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Clinic, \u201cG. Bernabeo\u201d Hospital, Contrada S. Liberata, 66026 Ortona (CH), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iginio","family":"Donatiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0834-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80145 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marica Tina","family":"Maccarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, Hospital of Pescara, 65123 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Ciarambino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit, Marcianise Hospital, 81025 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cipollone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Adele","family":"Giamberardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Judson, M.A. (2020). Environmental Risk Factors for Sarcoidosis. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01340"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, R., Yadav, D., Puranik, N., Guleria, R., and Jin, J.-O. (2020). Sarcoidosis: Causes, Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatments. J. Clin. 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